【金句】Friedrich Hayek - The principle that the end justifies the means is in individualist ethics...

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The principle that the end justifies the means is in individualist ethics regarded as the denial of all morals. In collectivist ethics it becomes necessarily the supreme rule.

在個人主義倫理中，認為“為了達到目的可以不擇手段”的原則是對所有道德的否定。 在集體主義倫理中，它必然成為最高準則。

較完整段落

In Chapter Ten of The Road to Serfdom (“Why the Worst Get to the Top”)

在《通往奴隸制的道路》（第十章，標題為“為何最差的人能走到頂峰”）中

The principle that the end justifies the means is in individualist ethics regarded as the denial of all morals. In collectivist ethics it becomes necessarily the supreme rule; there is literally nothing which the consistent collectivist must not be prepared to do if it serves ‘the good of the whole,’ because ‘the good of the whole’ is to him the only criterion of what ought to be done. The raison d’etat, in which collectivist ethics has found its most explicit formulation, knows no other limit than that set by expediency—the suitability of the particular act for the end in view…There can be no limit to what [the collectivist state’s] citizen must be prepared to do, no act which his conscience must prevent him from committing, if it is necessary for an end which the community has set itself or which his superiors order him to achieve.

在個人主義倫理中，認為“為了達到目的可以不擇手段”的原則是對所有道德的否定。 在集體主義倫理中，它必然成為最高準則；對於一個堅持集體主義的人來說，如果能為“整體利益”服務，他實際上不能不做任何事情，因為“整體利益”是他衡量應該做什麼的唯一標準。 集體主義倫理中最明確的表達形式是“國家理性”，它沒有其他限制，只受實用性的約束——即特定行為是否適合所追求的目標……對於[集體主義國家的]公民來說，沒有任何可以被他拒絕去做的事情，也沒有任何行為可以讓他因為良知而避免，如果這些行為對社區設定的目標或上級命令他實現的目標是必要的。