【金句】Friedrich Hayek - The function of competition is here precisely to teach us who will serve us...
連結
來源1 - x.com/feeonline/stat...
來源2 - competitionandapprop...
The function of competition is here precisely to teach us who will serve us well.
競爭的功能正正是精確地教導我們誰能好好地為我們服務。
額外內容
整個段落
Especially remarkable in this connection is the explicit and complete exclusion from the theory of perfect competition of all personal relationships existing between the parties. In actual life the fact that our inadequate knowledge of the available commodities or services is made up for by our experience with the persons or firms supplying them—that competition is in a large measure competition for reputation or good will—is one of the most important facts which enables us to solve our daily problems. The function of competition is here precisely to teach us who will serve us well: which grocer or travel agency, which department store or hotel, which doctor or solicitor, we can expect to provide the most satisfactory solution for whatever particular personal problem we may have to face. Evidently in all these fields competition may be very intense, just because the services of the different persons or firms will never be exactly alike, and it will be owing to this competition that we are in a position to be served as well as we are. The reasons competition in this field is described as imperfect have indeed nothing to do with the competitive character of the activities of these people; it lies in the nature of the commodities or services themselves. If no two doctors are perfectly alike, this does not mean that the competition between them is less intense but merely that any degree of competition between them will not produce exactly those results which it would if their services were exactly alike. This is not a purely verbal point. The talk about the defects of competition when we are in fact talking about the necessary difference between commodities and services conceals a very real confusion and leads on occasion to absurd conclusions.
特別值得一提的是，完美競爭理論中明確且完全排除了所有個人關係，這些關係存在於各方之間。在現實生活中，我們對可用商品或服務的不足知識由我們與供應這些商品或服務的人或公司的經驗所彌補——競爭在很大程度上是為聲譽或善意而競爭——這是我們能夠解決日常問題的最重要事實之一。競爭的功能正正是精確地教導我們誰能好好地為我們服務：我們可以預期哪個雜貨商或旅行社，哪個百貨公司或飯店，哪個醫生或律師將為我們所面臨的任何特定個人問題提供最令人滿意的解決方案。顯然，在這些領域，競爭可能非常激烈，正因為不同的人或公司的服務永遠不會完全相同，而這正是由於這種競爭，我們才能得到如此良好的服務。將此領域的競爭描述為不完美，其理由確實與這些人的活動的競爭性質無關；它在於商品或服務本身的性質。如果沒有兩個醫生是完全相同的，這並不意味著他們之間的競爭就不那麼激烈，而只是他們之間的任何程度競爭都不會產生完全相同的結果，就像他們的服務完全相同時一樣。這不是一個純粹的語言問題。在我們實際上談論商品和服務之間的必要差異時，卻談論競爭的缺點，這隱藏著一種非常真實的混亂，並有時導致荒謬的結論。