【文章】James Lindsay - The Dark Heart of Woke: Manufactured Alienation

連結

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原文及個人翻譯

At the core of both Fascism and Communism as radical ideologies is a sense of alienation. In fact, it’s alienation with the injustice of the alienation turned up to eleven. This alienation breeds resentment, envy, hatred, self-pity, and radical politics itself. It is also, in these evil systems, deliberately manufactured specifically for this purpose.

在法西斯主義和共產主義這兩種激進意識形態的核心，是一種疏離感。 實際上，它是一種對疏離不公的感受被放大到極致。 這種疏離感滋生了怨恨、嫉妒、仇恨、自憐以及激進政治本身。 在這些邪惡體制中，它也被故意製造出來，具體用於這個目的。

About Radicalism / 關於激進主義

First, a word about radicalism. What does “radical” mean? It means “at the roots,” or more accurately, tearing out the roots of the existing system to replace them with a new system with totally different roots. Radicalism means wishing to dismantle the existing system and replace it with something the radicals prefer. It almost never works.

Resentment, envy, self-pity, and a certain kind of hatred—not to mention psychopathology—is therefore often at the roots of radical politics. Certainly it is possible that a political system is actually oppressive and needs a radical solution, but it is also very common that the radicals are in a perfectly functional system but don’t feel like they fit within it. When that feeling turns sour, we get radical politics of the sort under examination here.

首先，關於激進主義。 “激進”是什麼意思？ 它意味著“在根本上”，或者更準確地說，是為了取代現有體系，而將其根基徹底摧毀，並用一個具有完全不同根基的新體系來替代。 激進主義意味著希望拆除現有的體系，並用激進者所偏好的事物來代替它。 它幾乎從未成功。

怨恨、嫉妒、自憐以及某種仇恨——更不用說精神病態——因此通常是激進政治的根源。 當然，有可能一個政治體系實際上是壓迫性的，需要激進的解決方案，但也很常見的是，激進者身處一個完全正常的體系中，但他們感覺自己不適合其中。 當這種感受變得消極時，我們就會得到像這裡所研究的那種激進政治。

About Resentment, Envy, Etc., and Their Agitation / 關於怨恨、嫉妒等，以及它們的煽動

Second, a word about the politics of envy and resentment. At the heart of radicalism is a suite of negative emotions that stem from a sense of alienation. These primarily include envy (of those who are not or do not feel alienated), resentment (of the same), hatred (of the same), and self-pity, which is the most destructive of all human emotions. These often tend to sour under the feeling of alienation into something nasty Nietzsche called ressentiment, using the French word to distinguish it from mere resentment. Ressentiment is like envy that has curdled; it’s resentment that has turned putrid and has been directed outward. It’s the feeling the prisoner has for the freeman when he hates him merely for his being free.

Radicalism is often the politics of resentment through alienation, and Woke is no exception. While it’s frequently the case that the person who feels alienated will go on to develop these other emotions at the roots of his radicalism, and thus become a radical himself, it is much more often the case that the sense of alienation is inculcated by others who are already afflicted and that these negative emotions are encouraged to develop to a far larger degree than they might have under organic individual circumstances. That is, I suppose, Woke is a mind virus, and its receptor sites are almost all located in the emotions attached to feelings around fairness and belonging.

Radicals spend much of their time agitating others to join them in their misery, a process they call “consciousness raising.” They are actively teaching people to see themselves as alienated and to feel resentful about it. This is one way Wokeness spreads.

第二，關於嫉妒和怨恨的政治。 激進主義的核心是一系列負面情緒，這些情緒源於一種疏離感。 主要包括：嫉妒（對那些沒有或不感到疏離的人）、怨恨（對同類）、仇恨（對同類）以及自憐，這是所有人類情感中最具破壞性的。 在疏離感的影響下，這些情緒往往會變得惡劣，尼采將這種情緒稱為“怨恨”，使用法語詞彙來區分它與單純的怨恨。“怨恨”就像凝固後的嫉妒；它是腐爛的怨恨，並被轉向外部。 這是囚犯對自由人的感受，他只是因為對方是自由人而憎恨他。

激進主義通常是通過疏離感產生的怨恨政治，而“覺醒”也不例外。 雖然經常發生的是，感到疏離的人會繼續發展出這些與其激進主義根源相關的其他情緒，從而自己也成為一名激進者，但更常見的情況是，這種疏離感是由已經受到影響的其他人灌輸的，並且鼓勵這些負面情緒以遠大於在自然個人情況下可能發生的程度來發展。 也就是說，我想，“覺醒”是一種思維病毒，而它的受體主要位於與公平和歸屬感相關的情緒中。

激進者們花費大量時間煽動他人加入他們的痛苦之中，他們將這個過程稱為“提高意識”。 他們正在積極地教導人們將自己視為疏離的個體，並對此感到怨恨。 這是“覺醒”傳播的一種方式。

About Alienation and the Alien / 關於疏離感和疏離者

Third, a few words about alienation—and therefore also about the “Alien force” that alienates. Alienation here ultimately refers to the idea of being made an alien in or to your own circumstance. In the circumstance of radical politics, what this implies is feeling like there’s a circumstance that fits you, and you belong in that circumstance by some right, and you are or feel removed or estranged from it, likely unjustly.

The sense of political alienation is usually believed to be the result of having been (actively) alienated from your rightful inheritance or sense of belonging in society by some hostile force—the Alien who alienates. It is, of course, generally assumed people would not intentionally remove themselves from their own rightful context. Alienation in radical politics is something that has been wrongly done to you by some force outside of you that you cannot control.

The outside, interloping force that removes the alienated subject from his rightful context and circumstance is, from the perspective of the radical, an Alien power. It doesn’t recognize the legitimate circumstance of society or people’s rightful claim to it and its inheritance. Instead, it comes from outside and imposes itself into and over that circumstance to usurp it for itself. While there’s a lot of depth that could be added to this (notably talking about Gnosticism in various stripes), now is not the time for that.

Understanding this mechanism and belief structure, which is fundamentally dualistic (split), is absolutely necessary to understanding the underlying mythologies and ideologies of both Fascism and Marxism. Both depend upon it fundamentally and intimately.

第三，關於疏離感——以及因此也關於造成疏離感的“外來力量”。 在這裡，“疏離感”最終指的是被置於自己環境中的一種狀態，或者說，與自己的處境產生疏離。 在激進政治的背景下，這意味著感覺到存在某種適合你的環境，並且你應該擁有在該環境中存在的權利，但你卻被移除或與之隔離開來，很可能是不公正的。

人們通常認為政治上的疏離感是因某種敵對力量——造成疏離的外來力量——（主動地）將你從你應得的繼承或在社會中的歸屬感中剝奪而產生的。 當然，人們普遍認為，人們不會故意把自己從自己的正當環境中移除。 在激進政治中，“疏離感”是某種超出你的控制的外力對你造成的錯誤行為。

將疏離的主體從其應得的背景和處境中移除的外部、干擾的力量，在激進者的觀點來看，是一種“外來力量”。 它不承認社會的合法環境或人們對它的正當主張及其繼承。 相反，它來自外部，並強行介入並控制該環境，以奪取它。 雖然可以添加很多深度（例如，談論各種形式的靈知派），但現在不是時候了。

理解這種機制和信念結構，它從根本上是二元對立的（分裂的），對於理解法西斯主義和馬克思主義背後的神話和意識形態至關重要。 這兩種都從根本上和親密地依賴於此。

A Clarifying Example / 一個澄清的例子

A sadly familiar example will help us understand. The way the Woke Left sees race and racism is that we should have a fully egalitarian and thus “antiracist” society, but that’s simply not possible. Our “state of nature,” in their eyes, has no racism and no room for racism. So, where did it come from? The short answer is “white people,” but it requires understanding more deeply than just that.

The Woke Left racial mythology (and it is a mythology) is that white people at some point in the past decided upon their own racial superiority and imposed racial categories onto all people specifically to name, maintain, and enforce their own “white supremacy.” White supremacy is an ideology meant to convince all people in society that this outside, artificial imposition both of racial categories and of racialist superiority and inferiority is “real,” “natural,” “just,” or what have you. White supremacy therefore alienates people of color from their full participation in a society that is supposed to be intrinsically “antiracist.” White people, as an interloping Alien force, impose this racial framework and racism to their own benefit and thus alienate themselves from their full humanity, which is supposed to be “antiracist.” In so doing, they become the Alien who alienates by race.

As a brief aside, the Iron Law of Woke Projection is located here. The pathological modes of Fascism and Communism (Woke) do not actually represent true humanity, as they claim, but are themselves an interloping Alien power that alienates people from their societal inheritance in other forms of societal organization. This, though, is what they accuse the mainstream society outside of their cults of doing. The Iron Law of Woke Projection is an iron law, therefore, because the entire psychosocial apparatus of Woke political worldviews is Alien-projection. It couldn’t be otherwise.

讓我們舉一個例子，幫助我們理解。 「覺醒」左派看待種族和種族主義的方式是，我們應該建立一個完全平等的、因此也是「反種族主義」的社會，但這實際上是不可能的。 在他們看來，「自然狀態」沒有種族主義，也沒有為種族主義留出空間。 那麼，它從哪裡來的呢？ 簡短的答案是「白人」，但需要更深入地理解，而不僅僅是這樣。

「覺醒」左派的種族神話（而且確實是一種神話）是，在過去的某個時刻，白人們決定擁有自己的種族優越性，並將種族分類強加於所有人，目的是為了命名、維持和執行他們自身的「白人至上主義」。 白人至上主義是一種旨在說服社會中所有人的意識形態，認為這種外部、人工的種族分類以及種族優越性和劣勢是「真實的」、「自然的」、「公正的」，或者其他類似的東西。 因此，白人至上主義使有色人種無法充分參與一個本應內在「反種族主義」的社會。 白人作為一種干擾的外來力量，強加這種種族框架和種族主義，以換取他們自己的利益，因此使自己與他們全部的人性隔離開來，而這種人性本應是「反種族主義」的。 這樣一做，他們就成為了通過種族造成疏離感的「外來力量」。

作為一個簡短的補充， 「覺醒」投射的鐵律就在這裡。 法西斯主義和共產主義（以及「覺醒」）的病態模式並非如其所宣稱的那樣代表真正的、人類的本性，而是本身是一種干擾的外來力量，它使人們與在其他社會組織形式中的社會繼承產生疏離。 然而，這正是他們指責主流社會（即他們教派之外的社會）所做的事情。 因此，「覺醒」投射的鐵律是一條鐵律，因為「覺醒」政治觀點的整個心理社會機制都是外來力量的投射。 如此而已。

Alienation and Fascism / 疏離感與法西斯主義

Since I usually start with Marxism and lose people, I’ll start with Fascism, which is actually easier to understand. Fascists fundamentally believe that there’s a past state of their own society that was roughly a golden era that is now corrupted. It fell through the corruptions of some alien powers being allowed sway—that is, through tolerance.

More specifically, they have a romantic fantasy about their past as a people and the society and fruits they should have inherited from it, but they are alienated from that society and its inheritance by the inclusion of an interloping power. That power is the Alien that has corrupted the system for its own gain and to their loss.

由於我通常從馬克思主義開始，但很多人難以理解，所以我將從法西斯主義開始，這實際上更容易理解。 法西斯主義者從根本上認為，他們社會存在一個過去的狀態，大致可以說是黃金時代，而現在這個時代已經被腐蝕了。 這種腐敗是通過允許某些外來力量施加影響——也就是說，通過寬容——而造成的。

更具體地說，他們對自己作為一個民族的過去抱有浪漫的幻想，以及他們應該從那個社會和它所產生的成果中繼承的東西，但他們被一種干擾的力量與這個社會及其遺產隔離開來。 這種力量是“外來力量”，它為了自身的利益而腐蝕了這個體系，並導致他們的損失。

So Fascists look back to some mythological, romantic point they come to believe is their past and feel aggrieved as a people (collective) from having inherited the fruits of that past. Notice that they are likely to write historicist accounts of their past to reinforce this belief and to spread it. They go on to blame outsiders (political, cultural, or ethnic) for having displaced them from a glorious life they’ve lost due to illegitimate impositions of the Alien politics, culture, or ethnicity.

In response, they seek to band together (fasces, from which Fascism gets its name, refers to a tight bundle of thin faggots) to reclaim their lost inheritance through brutal political power and the imposition of the romanticized past state as it was, they believe, meant to progress to the glorious future they’ve failed to inherit. (Talk about an entitlement complex….) So the Fascist, ultimately, feels alienated from a glorious society (that never really existed) and the firstfruits of that glorious society. Alienation is at the core of his disposition.

Fascists, then, see themselves as alienated or dispossessed political, cultural, or racial elites who have lost the opportunity for an idealized Received Society, which the Alien has prevented them from receiving. The Alien is his enemy, and he must destroy his enemy and reclaim his lost society. Identifying and destroying the Alien who has alienated him—along with its societal enablers—becomes his chief political project. All who do not join him are believed to be sympathizing with and part of the alienating force and are therefore as much Enemy as is the Alien.

因此，法西斯主義者會回顧他們認為是過去的某個神話般的、浪漫的時刻，並作為一個民族（集體）感到被剝奪，因為他們沒有繼承那個過去所產生的成果。 請注意，他們很可能會撰寫關於他們過去的歷史敘述，以強化這種信念並傳播它。 他們進一步將外部力量（政治、文化或種族）歸咎於使他們無法享有他們失去的輝煌生活，這是由於外來政治、文化或種族的非法干預所造成的。

作為回應，他們尋求聯合起來（“法西斯”一詞來自“法希”，指的是緊密捆綁在一起的細樹枝），通過殘暴的政治力量和強加浪漫化的過去狀態，以恢復他們失去的遺產，因為他們認為這是他們應該發展到輝煌未來的目標。（真是令人難以置信的特權情結（entitlement complex）……）因此，法西斯主義者最終感到與一個輝煌的社會（實際上從未存在過）以及那個輝煌社會的第一批成果隔絕。 疏離感是他的核心特徵。

因此，法西斯主義者認為自己是被剝奪或被排斥的政治、文化或種族精英，他們失去了獲得理想化的“傳統社會”的機會，而這種機會是由外來力量阻止他們的。 外來力量是他的敵人，他必須摧毀他的敵人並恢復他失去的社會。 確定和摧毀使他疏離的外來力量——以及它的社會支持者——成為他主要的政治目標。 所有不與他聯合的人都被認為同情並是造成疏離的力量的一部分，因此他們與外來力量一樣都是敵人。

The Fascist Project of Counter-Alienation / 法西斯主義的反疏離項目

The Fascist project is therefore to awaken people to a consciousness of their alienation—which most will not have detected—and its alleged causes to get them to band together in the effort to reclaim their “future past.” Notice here, then, that it isn’t just a sense of alienation but a manufactured sense of alienation, deliberately spread to others, that drives the process of “awakening” (Woke). Of course, the most awakened Fascists will have to lead the program, not mere recruits, and they will restore the conditions for the common good and a future Golden Era in exchange for everyone’s liberty.

Obviously, the “renewal” process begins (and proceeds) through punishing the Alien and its representatives and sympathizers, resulting in tyranny and mass murder. That is, the project is actually one of counter-alienation. Seemingly ironically, in the name of deposing the Alien who alienates them, the Fascists themselves become the imposing Alien force who alienates. This is a crucial point to understand. Rather than seeking to end alienation, they seek to counter alienation with their own more powerful and compelling alienating force. In staring into the abyss, they become the enemy they wish to destroy. Given the suite of negative emotions driving Fascist radicalism, it couldn’t be otherwise.

法西斯主義的項目是喚醒人們對他們疏離感的意識——而大多數人可能都沒有察覺到這種疏離感及其所謂的原因——以促使他們聯合起來，共同努力奪回他們的“未來過去”。 因此，請注意，驅動“覺醒”過程的並不是單純的疏離感，而是製造出的、故意傳播給他人的疏離感。 當然，最“覺醒”的法西斯主義者必須領導這個項目，而不是普通的成員，他們將恢復有利於「公共利益」的條件以及未來的黃金時代，以此換取每個人自由。

顯然，“更新”過程始於（並持續進行）通過懲罰外來力量及其代表和同情者，導致暴政和大屠殺。 也就是說，這個項目實際上是一個反疏離的項目。 似乎是諷刺的是，在名義上為了推翻使他們疏離的外來力量，法西斯主義者本身就成為了施加疏離感的強大外力。 這是理解的一個關鍵點。 與其尋求結束疏離感，不如用他們自己更強大、更有說服力的疏離力量來反擊疏離感。 在凝視深淵時，他們變成了他們想要摧毀的敵人。 考慮到驅動法西斯主義激進主義的一系列負面情緒，這就是必然的結果。

Who Were the Fascists? / 誰是法西斯主義者？

Obviously, since there are different ways Fascists can feel alienated from their idealized Received Society, it can manifest in different ways. Three historical examples make the case.

In Italy, the Italian Fascists arose around the idea of displaced Italian Nationalist identity, which was partly based on rejecting the internationalist agitations of Communism. In Spain, the Francoists arose around the idea of a displaced Spanish National cultural identity rooted particularly in Catholicism—so long as it obeyed Franco. It too claimed the internationalist and cultural (especially anti-religious) agitations of Communism as part of the Alien problem, but it hardly limited itself to purging Commies. In Germany, Hitler and the Nazis proposed a hybrid alienation scheme of German Nationalist identity and a German racial identity (based in part in eugenics and in part in the occult ravings of the Theosophist Helena Blavatsky, who, in alignment with pre-existing currents of German antisemitism believed that Jews represented the lowest (spiritual) racial form.

Thus, to simplify, the Italian Fascists under Mussolini believed they were alienated from being fully Italian and sought to restore Italian Nationalist identity and usher in progress under its banner. The Spanish Fascists under Franco felt alienated from being fully Spanish and sought to restore Spanish Nationalist and Cultural identity through a kind of Nationalist-Catholic reunification program and usher in progress under its banner. The German Fascists (National Socialists) under Hitler felt alienated from being fully German in both practical and a profound occultist racial senses and sought to restore German Nationalist and mystical-racial identity, from which Hitler believed “high culture” sprung, in order to literally complete history (that is, to usher in progress under its banner). All three were unmitigated catastrophes.

顯然，由於法西斯主義者可以以不同的方式感到與他們理想化的“傳統社會”疏離，因此它可能以不同的方式表現出來。 三個歷史例子說明了這一點：

在意大利，義大利法西斯主義者圍繞著被剝奪的義大利民族主義身份這一思想而興起，這部分是基於拒絕共產主義的國際主義運動。 在西班牙，弗朗哥主義者圍繞著一個被剝奪的西班牙民族文化身份這一思想而興起，這種身份根植於天主教——只要它服從弗朗哥。 它也將共產主義的國際主義和文化（尤其是反宗教）運動視為“外來”問題的一部分，但它並不僅限於清除共產黨員。 在德國，希特勒和納粹分子提出了一種混合的疏離計劃，即德國民族主義身份和德國種族身份（部分基於優生學，部分基於神秘學家赫勒娜·布拉瓦茨基的神秘狂言），她與德國現有的反猶太主義思潮一致，認為猶太人代表著最低等的（精神）種族形式。

因此，簡而言之，在墨索里尼領導下的義大利法西斯主義者認為他們無法完全成為義大利人，並試圖恢復義大利民族主義身份，並在其旗幟下帶來進步。 在弗朗哥領導下的西班牙法西斯主義者感到與完全的西班牙身份疏離，並試圖通過一種民族主義-天主教團結計劃來恢復西班牙民族和文化身份，並在其旗幟下帶來進步。 在希特勒領導下的德國法西斯主義者（國家社會主義者）感到在實際和深刻的神秘學種族層面上都無法完全成為德國人，並試圖恢復德國民族主義和神秘學-種族身份，希特勒認為“高雅文化”源於此，以便從根本上完成歷史（也就是說，在其旗幟下帶來進步）。 這三個都是毫無疑問的災難。

A similar utterly failed experiment was conducted in various ways throughout South America under the banner of (Catholic) Integralismo in Brazil, or Brazilian Integralism (reintegration of Catholic Church, state, and economy). Its program was different because the Alien was ironically framed primarily as colonialist in nature (that Iron Law of Woke Projection never misses), particularly blaming Western liberalism and Communism as alienating both indigenous populations and the working classes. South America is mostly Communist today as a result, not least because Integralismo gave way to Marxist Liberation Theology in so many cases (e.g., Dom Helder Camara, the “Red Bishop” of Recife). (No, Pinochet wasn’t an Integralist, to be clear, but another sort of Fascist).

So, as indicated, we understand Fascism as an ideology of (Gnostic) alienation and resentment where there is some idealized group that is a contingency of history itself who has been displaced from its rightful inheritance by an Alien power that must be destroyed.

類似的、完全失敗的實驗在整個南美洲以不同的方式進行，其旗幟是（天主教）巴西的“整體主義”，或巴西的“整體主義”（重新整合天主教會、國家和經濟）。 它的計劃與其他不同之處在於，“外來”力量實際上主要被描繪成具有殖民性質（“覺醒”投射的那個鐵律從未失效），特別是將西方自由主義和共產主義歸咎為疏離了土著居民和工人階級。 今天，南美洲大多是共產主義國家，這在很大程度上是因為在許多情況下，“整體主義”被馬克思主義解放神學所取代（例如，累西腓的“紅主教”多姆·赫爾德·卡馬拉）。 (順便說一句，皮諾切特並不是一個“整體主義者”，而是一種不同類型的法西斯主義者。)

因此，如前所述，我們將法西斯主義理解為一種（諾斯替）疏離和怨恨的意識形態，其中存在著某個理想化的群體，它是歷史本身的偶然因素，這個群體已經被一個必須摧毀的外來力量剝奪了其應有的遺產。

Alienation in Marxism / 馬克思主義中的疏離

I’ll be briefer with Marxism, but it is ultimately the same, differently (same energy, opposite direction).  First, note that if you don’t realize that alienation, “the Alien,” and estrangement are very explicitly at the very center of everything Marxism thinks and talks about, you don’t know anything about Marxism. Marx talked about these concerns all the time and characterized his entire philosophy around them.

Marxists believe that all of humanity is the alienated group, and the bourgeois class is the Alien. That is, certain human beings are alienating all human beings from their rightful inheritance and proper circumstance unjustly for their own benefit.

Marxists do not look back to a past romanticized golden era for their inspiration, as Marx told us in 1852, as do the Fascists. They look, he claims, “to the future,” but this isn’t quite right and requires understanding Marxism properly to comprehend.

我將簡要地介紹馬克思主義，但歸根結底，它與法西斯主義相同（同一個能量，相反的方向）。 首先，請注意，如果您沒有意識到疏離、 “外來” 和疏遠是馬克思主義思考和討論的中心內容，那麼您對馬克思主義一無所知。 馬克思經常談論這些問題，並以它們為核心構建了他的整個哲學體系。

馬克思主義者認為，所有人類都是被疏離的群體，而資產階級是“外來”力量。 也就是說，某些人不正當地剝奪了所有人類應有的權益和適當的處境，以謀取自身利益。

與法西斯主義者不同，馬克思主義者並非從浪漫化的黃金時代汲取靈感，正如馬克思在1852年告訴我們的。 他聲稱，他們“面向未來”，但這並不完全正確，需要深入理解馬克思主義才能真正理解。

Marxists all believe they are alienated from an idealized future that recovers the idealized past. They believe they are oppressed through the Alien who is located in the “dominant” or “oppressing” classes in each society throughout history. Private property becomes the alienating force that estranges man from himself and prevents his realization of the idealized future that recovers the idealized (communal, “social”) past. Marx stated frequently that realizing this idealized future is therefore humanizing, which is a “complete return of man to himself as a social (i.e., human) being.”

This belief sounds confusing and crazy, so we should unpack it a little. Marxism actually adopts the dialectical nonsense of the wildly degenerate Frenchman Jean-Jacques Rousseau to outline its (Gnostic) theory of man, history, and thus the future from which we allegedly alienate ourselves. Rousseau believed man is imprisoned by the strictures of civilization and is only truly free in his proverbial State of Nature (“man is born free but everywhere he is in chains”). Rousseau also liked civilization and all its perks, so he dreamed of completing man by finding a way to live in our State of Nature (free and noble “savages”) while retaining all the fruits of society (“savages made to live in cities.

所有馬克思主義者都認為他們與一個理想化的未來脫節，而這個未來能夠恢復理想化的過去。 他們相信，他們受到“外來”力量的壓迫，而這種力量存在於歷史上每個社會中的“統治”或“壓迫”階級中。 私有財產成為一種疏離的力量，它使人與自己疏遠，並阻止其實現理想化的未來，這個未來能夠恢復理想化（共同體、 “社會”）的過去。 馬克思經常聲明，實現這個理想化的未來因此具有人性化作用，這是一種“人完全地回到他自己作為一個社會（即人類）的存在”。

這種信念聽起來令人困惑和荒謬，所以我們應該稍微深入了解一下。 實際上，馬克思主義採用了法國哲學家讓-雅克·盧梭那種極度墮落的辯證法思想，來闡述其（靈知派的）關於人類、歷史以及因此從中我們據稱會疏離自己的理論。 盧梭認為，人類被文明的束縛所囚禁，只有在原始狀態下才是真正自由（“人是天生自由的，但無處不在他都身處枷鎖”）。 盧梭也喜歡文明及其所有優點，因此他夢想著通過找到一種方法來生活在我們的原始狀態中（自由而高尚的“野蠻人”），同時保留社會的所有成果（“生活在城市中的野蠻人”）。

Marx echoed this sentiment clearly in his definition of true Communism: “Communism (is) the positive transcendence of private property as human self-estrangement, and therefore as the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man; communism therefore (is) the complete return of man to himself as a social (i.e., human) being—a return accomplished consciously and embracing the entire wealth of previous development.

Marxists believe that all human beings as one giant group alienate themselves from their true inheritance (Communism: a stateless, classless society of plenty for all) by alienating ourselves from who we really are (Communists). We allegedly do so through the acquisition of private property (fundamental right to exclude others from your property), which inherently defines each person as an individual who can hold and withhold property from others (which is the basis for all wealth.

People who support the concept of private property are therefore the Alien who alienates all of man from his inheritance, which is his State of Nature while “embracing the entire wealth of previous development.” It is from this preposterous fantasy future Marx believes Communists take their inspiration instead of some stupid, romanticized past era partway along the track. Marxists still romanticize the State of Nature (origin point, Alpha Man) but want him completed (Omega Man) at the same time.

馬克思明確地在他的對真正的共產主義的定義中表達了這種觀點：“共產主義是私有財產作為人類自我疏離的積極超越，因此是人類真正掌握其本質並為之服務；因此，共產主義是人完全地回到他自己作為一個社會（即人類）的存在——這是一種有意識的、包含所有先前發展成果的回歸。”

馬克思主義者認為，所有人類作為一個巨大的群體，通過疏離我們真實的自我（共產主義：一個沒有國家、沒有階級、人人享有豐饒的社會），從而疏離自己與其真正的遺產。 我們據說之所以會這樣做，是因為我們獲得了私有財產（排除他人使用您財產的基本權利），這本質上將每個人定義為可以持有和剝奪他人財產的個體（這是所有財富的基礎）。

因此，支持私有財產概念的人就是“外來”力量，他們使所有人與他們的遺產疏遠，而這個遺產是他們原始狀態，同時“包含所有先前發展的成果”。 馬克思認為，共產主義者從這個荒謬的未來幻想中汲取靈感，而不是從某個愚蠢、浪漫化的過去時代。 馬克思主義者仍然對原始狀態（起源點、理想的人）抱有浪漫情懷，但同時又希望他得到完善（終極人）。

Marxism’s Remedy to Alienation: Sublation / 馬克思主義對抗疏離的解決方案：揚棄

Marx rejects the mere rejection of private property “as human self-estrangement,” though. That, he argues, defines a low, ugly, brutish, dirty “crude Communism” that doesn’t have any higher culture or “wealth of previous development” to grift off of. While Fascism seeks to throw off the alienating force in a kind of counter-alienation, Marxism seeks to transcend the alienation entirely.

The problem is how it’s supposed to get there. Marx’s solution to this problem was through two means: violent revolution followed by “inversion of praxis” by the “dictatorship of the proletariat.” First, there would be revolution, in which the masses would rise up under the direction of the Communists and “expropriate the expropriators.” Then, the Communists would establish a dictatorship in the name of the workers called the “dictatorship of the proletariat” that would effectively re-educate, re-train, and brainwash everyone through forced re-socialization (“inversion of praxis”) to become progressively more socialist. The Communists saw this as a kind of remembering of who people really are (socialists), but it’s quite obvious that it’s just another counter-alienation move.

馬克思拒絕僅僅否定私有財產“作為人類自我疏離”。 他認為，這種做法定義了一種低級、醜陋、野蠻、骯髒的“原始共產主義”，它沒有任何更高的文化或“先前發展的成果”可以利用。 雖然法西斯主義試圖通過一種反向疏離來擺脫疏離的力量，但馬克思主義試圖完全超越疏離。

問題在於如何才能實現這一目標。 馬克思解決這個問題的方法是通過兩種手段：首先是暴力革命，然後是“無產階級專政”的“實踐轉化”。 首先，會發生革命，大眾在大共產黨人的指導下站起來，“剝奪剝奪者”。 然後，共產黨人將以工人為名的建立一個獨裁統治，稱為“無產階級專政”，它實際上會通過強制再社會化（“實踐轉化”）來重新教育、重新培訓和洗腦每個人，使他們逐步變得更加社會主義。 共產黨人認為這是一種記住人們真實身份的方式（社會主義者），但很明顯，這只是一種新的反向疏離手段。

Curiously, Marx saw this process beginning with class consciousness, which he explained begins through “supersession” of the self. How did he say you supersede yourself and come to a class identity? “Supersession as the retraction of alienation into the self,” he explained. That is, you radicalize yourself by coming to see yourself through the lens of your own alienation, which will then awaken that suite of negative emotions that leads to the revolutionary radicalism that drives his project.

Marx’s project, like that of the Fascists in another fashion, is ultimately transformative, though: man must transcend private property, not merely reject it. Only in that way can he retain “the entire wealth of previous development” and high culture while creating a stateless, classless society in which man is as free as he (always) was in his State of Nature, from which he is alienated.

有趣的是，馬克思認為這個過程始於階級意識，他解釋說，階級意識的開始是通過“超越”自我。 他是如何解釋你如何超越自己並形成階級認同的？ “超越是指將疏離轉化為自我的一部分，”他解釋道。 也就是說，你通過從自己的疏離角度看待自己來激進化自己，這會喚起一系列負面情緒，這些情緒導致了推動他的項目的革命性激進主義。

與法西斯主義者以另一種方式類似，馬克思的項目最終是轉型的：人必須超越私有財產，而不能僅僅拒絕它。 只有這樣，他才能保留“所有先前發展的成果”和高雅文化，同時創造一個沒有國家、沒有階級的社會，在這個社會中，人可以像他在原始狀態（他始終處於其中）時一樣自由，而他之前與之疏離。

Marxist Agitation into Counter-Alienation / 馬克思主義的煽動轉化為反向疏離

Marxism therefore mobilizes class conflict by trying to awaken the exploited classes to their alienation and also some of the exploiting classes to their participation in the total alienation of society (think: “feminism is good for men too”). That solidifies it as yet another destructive counter-alienation project in which a sense of alienation is encouraged and then exploited to their political ends.

Those who cannot be awakened into militancy or allyship, the Marxists always believe, have effectively sided with the Alien and must be destroyed. Maybe two hundred million corpses testify to how destructive and impossible this program is in practice. The result we can see: resentful people who conclude their lack of success in life is due to alienation by the Alien power adopt a radical politics intentionally destructive to the existing order.

Their objective is to claim as much of the infrastructure of that order as they can (“seize the means of production”) but also to destroy not only everything they cannot but the entire order upon which it is based so they can replace it with their own (which always conveniently place themselves in abusive power they use to alienate people from their own societies as an interloping Alien). It must be this way because the roots of the existing society are ultimately either the Alien itself or that which allows and enables the Alien to alienate.

The politics will always be radical. The power claimed will always be abused. Destruction and mass death will always result.

因此，馬克思主義通過試圖喚醒被剝削階級的疏離感，以及一些剝削階級對其參與社會總體疏離的認識（例如：「女權主義對男人也有益」），來激化階級衝突。 這使其成為另一個具有破壞性的反向疏離項目，在這個項目中，疏離感被鼓勵，然後被利用以實現他們的政治目標。

馬克思主義者總是認為，那些無法被喚醒並加入他們的人，實際上已經站在「外來」勢力的一邊，必須被摧毀。 或許兩億具屍體證明瞭這個計劃在實踐中是多麼具有破壞性和不可能性。 我們可以看到的結果是：那些認為自己生活中的失敗是由於「外來」力量造成的，因此採取激進政治，故意破壞現有的秩序。

他們的目標是盡可能地佔據現有秩序的基礎設施（「控制生產手段」），但同時也要摧毀他們無法佔據的一切，以及所有建立在該秩序之上的事物，以便用自己的東西來取代它（這總是方便地將自己置於濫用權力之中，他們利用這種權力來使人們疏離他們的社會，充當一個入侵的「外來」勢力）。 必須如此，因為現有社會的根源最終要麼是「外來」本身，要麼是允許和促成「外來」力量進行疏離的事物。

政治總是激進的。 所聲稱的權力總是會被濫用。 破壞和大規模死亡總是會發生。

These Are the Politics of Resentment / 這些是怨恨的政治

The reason for these Marxist and Fascist catastrophes isn’t superficial. It’s as fundamental as a foundation can be. Their entire world-concept is based on a theory of illegitimate alienation, resentment, pride, entitlement, covetous desire, self-pity, and rank incompetence at anything except manipulation and usurpation.

The (Gnostic) metaphysics of the Alien is the taproot of these programs, whatever their forms, scapegoats, and excuses. Since they cannot see beyond these metaphysics, their project is not one of eliminating alienation (or oppression, or injustice) but of counter-alienation. They are always becoming the monster they believe controls the world.

The reason for these Marxist and Fascist catastrophes isn’t superficial. It’s as fundamental as a foundation can be. Their entire world-concept is based on a theory of illegitimate alienation, resentment, pride, entitlement, covetous desire, self-pity, and rank incompetence at anything except manipulation and usurpation

The (Gnostic) metaphysics of the Alien is the taproot of these programs, whatever their forms, scapegoats, and excuses. Since they cannot see beyond these metaphysics, their project is not one of eliminating alienation (or oppression, or injustice) but of counter-alienation. They are always becoming the monster they believe controls the world.

這些馬克思主義和法西斯主義的災難並非表面上的原因。 這是盡可能根本的原因。 他們整個的世界觀都基於一種非法疏離、怨恨、自尊、權利感、貪婪、自我憐憫以及除了操縱和篡奪之外，在任何事情上都缺乏能力。

“外來”力量的（靈知派的）形而上學是這些計劃的根本，無論它們的形式、替罪羊或藉口如何。 由於他們無法超越這些形而上學，他們的目標不是消除疏離（或壓迫、不公正），而是進行反向疏離。 他們總是變成他們認為控制世界的那種怪物。

How Are Marxism and Fascism Different? / 馬克思主義和法西斯主義有何不同？

Marxism and Fascism manifest differently (same energy, opposite direction) because they locate the pre-alienated state in different places and thus bear a different vision for the completed utopian future, but they’re ultimately variations on the same theme. 

Marxists have a better but more fanciful sales pitch: a world of total freedom and no oppression or injustice based on our State of Nature while retaining the plenty we achieved through our Fall from that noble original state. The Fascists boast a more realistic and brutal one: a complete return to a fictionalized Golden Era and the glorious future it promises for our people by kicking out and destroying the interlopers who stole it from us. Marxists, in fancier words, reject historical contingency while Fascists embrace it and place it in different “received” features like politics, culture, or race.

馬克思主義和法西斯主義表現形式不同（相同的能量，相反的方向），因為它們將原始疏離狀態置於不同的位置，因此對完成的理想未來有不同的願景，但最終它們是同一主題的不同變體。

馬克思主義者有一個更好但更誇張的推銷口號：一個基於我們原始狀態的世界，在這個世界裡沒有壓迫或不公正，而且仍然保留我們在從那個高尚的原始狀態墮落後所取得的豐饒。 法西斯主義者則吹噓一種更現實和殘酷的口號：完全返回到一個虛構的黃金時代，以及它為我們的人民承諾的輝煌未來，通過將那些從我們這裡偷走一切的外來者踢出去並摧毀他們。 簡而言之，馬克思主義者拒絕歷史偶然性，而法西斯主義者則擁抱它，並將其置於不同的“固有”特徵中，例如政治、文化或種族。

Why Is This Woke? / 為什麼這是“覺醒”的？

What being “Woke” means, ultimately, is having “woke up” to at least one of these dark fairytales of alienation and having committed yourself to “doing something about it.” 

Woke is a distorted consciousness born out of a sense of alienation and is therefore a way of seeing the world and acting in it. 

The Woke consciousness, necessarily, is critical too, in the sense of Critical Theory. That’s why you could say that being Woke means using Critical Theory. Why? Because as dispossessed outsiders, the alienated people aren’t in a position to challenge (or even fully imagine or articulate) the circumstance that should have been absent the Alien power. They’ve lost or lack the means. What they can do, however, is criticize the Alien power for not being the glorious vision in their dark fairytales, allowing them to pull at the loose threads of existing society and radicalize the people who can be led into feeling dispossessed and resentful of it. 

Woke is therefore a parasitic, toxic mentality that attacks the society it is attached to because it feels wrongly alienated from it. Alienation is at its core, and that alienation is often not so much real as it is profoundly manufactured for the political ambitions of tyrants, some of whom share in the resentment.

“覺醒”的真正含義是，至少意識到其中一個關於疏離的黑暗童話，並且已經承諾要“做些什麼”。

“覺醒”是一種扭曲的意識，它源於一種疏離感，因此是一種看待世界和行動的方式。

“覺醒”的意識必然也是批判性的，就好像是批判理論一樣。 這就是為什麼你可以說，“覺醒”意味著使用批判理論。 為什麼？ 因為作為被剝奪的局外人，那些感到疏離的人無法挑戰（甚至完全想像或闡述）本應不存在的外來力量所造成的環境。 他們失去了或缺乏手段。 然而，他們可以批評“外來”力量未能成為他們黑暗童話中的輝煌景象，從而拉扯現有社會的鬆散線緒，並激進化那些可以被引導為感到被剝奪和對其產生怨恨的人。

因此，“覺醒”是一種寄生性的、有毒的心態，它攻擊它所依附的社會，因為它感覺自己與之錯誤地疏離了。 它的核心是疏離，而且這種疏離往往並非真實存在，而是被那些追求暴政目標的暴君們深刻地製造出來，其中一些人也分享著這種怨恨。