Translation and interpretation | 筆譯與口譯

In the field of interlingua communication, intermediary services are needed to convey messages from one language to another language. These intermediary services fall into two main categories: Translating, which focuses on written content and requires a high level of accuracy and can take time to produce. Interpretation, which deals with the spoken word and is convey immediately, thus it prioritizes understanding and communication over a perfect outcome. Although translating and interpreting may not share their requirements of skill sets, both share the requirements for understanding of the deep culture between the source and target languages, expert knowledge of the subject being dealt with, and the ability to communicate clearly in multiple languages.

在跨語言交流的領域，需要中介服務將某種語言的訊息以另一種語言來傳達。這些中介服務分為兩大類： 筆譯（筆譯），著重於書面內容，需要很高的準確性，並且需要時間才能完成。口譯（傳譯），涉及口語並立即傳達，因此優先考慮理解和溝通，而不是完美的產出。儘管筆譯和口譯對技能的要求可能不同，但兩者都對理解源語言和目標語言之間的深層文化、所處理主題的專業知識以及用多種語言進行清晰交流的能力有共同的要求。

Translation is a service that converts information of any form into written messages in another language. It is available for websites, print, video subtitles, software, multimedia...etc. The key to translation is not only to preserve the core information of the source message as much as possible, but also to introduce the context of the source message (customs, tone, idioms, colloquialisms, etc.) to the greatest extent possible through rhetorical devices so that readers of the target language can better understand it. This is a service that requires time to process after receiving the source information. To expedite translation processing, most professional translators today utilize computer-aided tools in their work. This involves transforming source content using corpora, automated translation tools, and other similar tools. When translating each section of the text, the translator may refer to glossaries and translation style guides to ensure quality. Finally, to ensure the translation is as close as possible to the source text, the translator will proofread it once or multiple times, either personally or with the help of another translator.

筆譯是將任何形式的信息轉換為另一種語言的文字訊息的服務。它可用於網站、印刷品、視訊字幕、軟體、多媒體...等。筆譯的重點不單是盡可能保留源訊息的核心資訊，也要透過修辭手法最大限度地引入源訊息的語境（習俗、語氣、習語、口語等），讓目標語言的讀者更好地理解。這是一項在收到來源訊息後需要時間來處理的服務。為了加快筆譯處理速度，現今大多數專業筆譯人員在工作中使用電腦輔助工具。涉及到透過應用語料庫、自動筆譯工具等來轉換來源內容。譯者在筆譯文章的每個部分時，可能會參考術語表和筆譯風格指南範本來確保品質。最後，為了確保譯文盡可能接近源文本，譯者將親自或由另一位譯者進行一次或多次校對。

Interpreting refers to the service of repeating speeches in another language on the spot of a conference or meeting, an address, litigation proceedings, live TV coverage, or an expression of sign language. There are two types of interpreting for different situations: Simultaneous interpretation (SI) which refers to the oral translating starting around the same time when the original speech started, and consecutive interpretation (CI) which refers to the oral translating starting immediately when the source speech pauses or stops. It is impossible for interpreters to ensure the content of the message they are repeating in another language is completely consistent with the source message, as they are limited by the facts such as the speaker's accent, speaking speed, and unknown terminology. Further, reference materials such as a dictionary are unavailable in the real-time translation they are dealing with. However, to keep the conversation going, interpreters must guarantee the accuracy of the core contents of the message they are repeating with their experience, memory, contingency capacity and knowledge of the subject that they are dealing with. By the way, interpreting also can be an oral express from a text of another message.

口譯是指在會議、演講、訴訟程序、電視直播或手語表達等場合，用另一種語言複述發言內容的服務。根據不同情況，口譯分為兩種：同聲傳譯（SI）和交替傳譯（CI）。同聲傳譯是指口譯員在源語言發言開始時幾乎立即開始翻譯，而交替傳譯則是指口譯員在源語言發言暫停或停止後立即開始翻譯。由於受到發言者口音、語速和未知術語等因素的限制，口譯員無法確保重述的內容與原文完全一致。此外，在即時翻譯中，他們無法使用字典等參考資料。然而，為了確保對話的順利進行，口譯員必須憑藉自身的經驗、記憶力、應變能力和對相關領域的了解，來確保複述內容的核心準確性。順便一提，口譯也可以是其他語言文本的口頭表達。

Compared with interpreting, the requirements for translating are not very high, so, the income from translating services is also relatively low. Therefore, we should extend our basic skills of bilingual (multilingual) communication, such as speaking speed, cross-cultural understanding, and colloquialisms other than the learning of reading and comprehension from school.

與口譯相比，筆譯的要求並不高，因此筆譯服務的收入也相對較低。所以，除了學校學習的閱讀理解能力之外，我們還應該拓展雙語（多語）溝通的基本技能，例如語速、跨文化理解能力和口語表達能力。