【推文】James Lindsay - On alienation and the mythologies of Fascism and Communism

連結

• 原推文 - x.com/conceptualjame...

原文及個人翻譯

On alienation and the mythologies of Fascism and Communism. Long post/🧵:

At the core of both Fascism and Communism as radical ideologies is a sense of alienation. In fact, it's alienation with the injustice of the alienation turned up to 11. This alienation breeds resentment, envy, and radical politics itself.

First, a word about radical politics. What does "radical" mean? It means "at the roots," or more accurately, tearing out the roots of the existing system to replace them with a new system with totally different roots.

Second, a few words about alienation and the Alien force that alienates. Alienation here ultimately refers to the idea of being made an alien to your own circumstance. That is, there's a circumstance that fits you, and you belong in that circumstance by some right, and you are removed or estranged from it.

關於異化和法西斯主義與共產主義的神話。長篇帖子/🧵：

作為激進意識形態的核心，法西斯主義和共產主義都存在一種異化感。事實上，這種異化感被放大到極致，對不公正的異化感到憤怒。這種異化滋生了怨恨、嫉妒和激進的政治。

首先，說說激進政治。「激進」意味著什麼？它意味著「根源」，更準確地說，是將現有體系的根源連根拔起，以取代一個完全不同根源的新體系。

其次，說說異化和異化力量。這裡的異化最終是指被剝奪自己處境的主體性。也就是說，有一個適合你的處境，你有權屬於那個處境，但你被從中剝奪或疏遠了。

This is usually believed to be the result of having been (actively) alienated because it is generally assumed people would not intentionally remove themselves from their own rightful context. The outside, interloping force that removes the alienated subject from his rightful context and circumstance is an Alien power. It doesn't recognize the circumstance or people's rightful claim to it and its inheritance but comes in from outside and imposes itself into and over that circumstance to usurp it for itself.

While there's a lot of depth that could be added to this (notably talking about Gnosticism in various stripes), now is not the time for that. Understanding this mechanism and belief structure, which is fundamentally dualistic, is absolutely necessary to understanding the underlying mythologies and ideologies of both Fascism and Marxism, which depend upon it fundamentally and intimately.

這通常被認為是被（積極）異化所導致的結果，因為人們通常假設不會故意將自己從自己的合法處境中移除。將被異化的主體從其合法處境和處境中剝奪的外部、插手的力量是異化力量。它不承認處境或人們對其及其遺產的合法主張，而是從外部進入並強行進入和控制該處境，以竊取它為自己所有。

雖然可以添加很多深度（尤其是討論各種靈知派），但現在不是時候。理解這種機制和信仰結構，這本質上是二元論的，對於理解法西斯主義和馬克思主義的基本神話和意識形態至關重要，它們根本和親密地依賴於它。

As a single aside, the Iron Law of Woke Projection is located here. The pathological modes of Fascism and Communism do not actually represent true humanity, as they claim, but are an Alien power that alienates people from their inheritance in other forms of societal organization. This, though, is what they accuse the mainstream society outside of their cults of doing. The Iron Law of Woke Projection is an iron law, therefore, because the entire psychosocial apparatus of "Woke" political worldviews is Alien-projection. It couldn't be otherwise.

Since I usually start with Marxism and lose people, I'll start with Fascism, which is actually easier to understand. Fascists fundamentally believe that there's a past state of their own society that was roughly a golden era that is now corrupted and fallen through the corruptions of alien powers. That is, they have a romantic fantasy about their past as a people and the society and fruits they should have inherited from it, but they are alienated from that society and its inheritance by an interloping power Alien to it that has corrupted the system for its own gain and their loss.

順便說一句，「覺醒投射的鐵律」就存在於此。法西斯主義和共產主義的病態模式實際上並不代表真正的人性，正如它們所聲稱的，而是異化人們繼承其他社會組織形式的異化力量。然而，這正是它們指控其邪教外主流社會所做的事情。「覺醒投射的鐵律」是一個鐵律，因此，因為「覺醒」政治世界觀的整個心理社會機構都是異化投射。除了這樣，別無選擇。

由於我通常從馬克思主義開始並讓人感到困惑，我將從法西斯主義開始，這實際上更容易理解。法西斯主義者根本相信，他們的社會過去有一個大致黃金時代，現在已經被異化力量腐化和墮落了。也就是說，他們對自己的過去、人民和社會以及他們本應繼承的成果有著浪漫的幻想，但他們被一個插手的力量所異化，這個力量與社會及其遺產格格不入，它為了自己的利益腐化了體系，讓他們蒙受損失。

So Fascists look back to some mythological, romantic point they believe is in their past and feel aggrieved as a people (collective) from having inherited the fruits of that past. They blame outsiders (political, cultural, or ethnic) for having displaced them from a glorious life they've lost due to illegitimate impositions of the Alien politics, culture, or ethnicity. In response, they seek to band together (fasces refers to a tight bundle of thin faggots) to reclaim their lost inheritance through brutal political power and the imposition of the romanticized past state as it is meant to progress to the glorious future they've failed to inherit. (Talk about an entitlement complex....)

So the Fascist, ultimately, feels alienated from a glorious society (that never really existed) and the first fruits of that glorious society. Alienation is at the core of his disposition. Identifying and destroying the Alien who has alienated is his chief political project. All who do not join him are sympathizing with and part of the alienating force and are therefore as much Enemy as is the Alien.

因此，法西斯主義者回顧他們認為存在於過去的神話浪漫點，並感到作為民族（集體）被剝奪了繼承那個過去的果實。他們指責局外人（政治、文化或民族）將他們從失去的輝煌生活中排擠出去，這是由於異化政治、文化和民族的非法強加。作為回應，他們尋求團結一致（法西斯（fasces）一詞是指緊密捆綁的薄木條）通過殘酷的政治權力和強加浪漫化的過去狀態來奪回失去的遺產，據說這是它應該進步到輝煌未來的方向。 （談論一種權利複雜性......）

因此，法西斯主義者最終感到被剝奪了一個輝煌的社會（這從未真正存在）和那個輝煌社會的初果。異化是他們處境的核心。識別和摧毀異化他們的異化者是他主要的政治項目。所有不加入他們的人都是同情和異化力量的一部分，因此是敵人的同謀。

（Pika：在此貼一下法西斯符號對應「法西斯（fasces）一詞是緊密捆綁的薄木條」）

Fascists see themselves as alienated or dispossessed political, cultural, or racial elites who have lost the opportunity for an idealized Received Society the Alien has prevented them from receiving. The Fascist project is to awaken people to a consciousness of this alienation and its alleged causes to get them to band together in the effort to reclaim it. Of course, the most awakened Fascists will have to lead the program, not mere recruits, and they will restore the conditions for the common good and a future Golden Era in exchange for everyone's liberty. Obviously, this begins (and proceeds) through punishing the Alien and its representatives and sympathizers, resulting in tyranny and mass murder.

Obviously, since there are different ways Fascists can feel alienated from their idealized Received Society, it can manifest in different ways. Three historical examples make the case.

法西斯主義者將自己視為被異化或被剝奪的政治、文化或種族精英，他們失去了理想化的接收社會的機會，而異化者阻止了他們獲得這一機會。法西斯主義項目是喚醒人們對這種異化及其所謂原因的意識，讓他們團結起來努力奪回它。當然，最覺醒的法西斯主義者將領導計劃，而不是簡單的招募者，他們將恢復共同利益的條件和未來的黃金時代，以換取每個人自由。顯然，這從懲罰異化者及其代表和同情者開始，導致暴政和大屠殺。

顯然，由於法西斯主義者以不同方式感到被異化，遠離他們理想化的接收社會，這可以以不同方式表現。三個歷史例子說明了問題。

In Italy, the Italian Fascists arose around the idea of displaced Italian Nationalist identity, which was partly based on the internationalist agitations of Communism. In Spain, the Francoists arose around the idea of a displaced Spanish National cultural identity rooted particularly in Catholicism so long as it obeyed Franco. It too claimed the internationalist and cultural (especially anti-religious) agitations of Communism as part of the Alien problem, but it hardly limited itself to purging Commies. In Germany, Hitler and the Nazis proposed a hybrid alienation scheme of German Nationalist identity and a German Racial identity based in the occult ravings of the Theosophist Helena Blavatsky, who, in alignment with pre-existing currents of German antisemitism believed that Jews represented the lowest (spiritual) racial form.

Thus, to simplify, the Italian Fascists under Mussolini sought to restore Italian Nationalist identity and usher in progress under its banner. The Spanish Fascists under Franco sought to restore Spanish Nationalist and Cultural identity through a kind of Nationalist-Catholic reunification program. The German Fascists (National Socialists) under Hitler sought to restore German Nationalist and Racial identity, from which Hitler believed "high culture" sprung, in order to literally complete history. All three were unmitigated catastrophes.

在意大利，意大利法西斯主義圍繞著被排斥的意大利民族主義身份而興起，這在一定程度上基於共產主義的國際主義騷動。在西班牙，佛朗哥主義圍繞著被排斥的西班牙民族文化身份而興起，尤其根植於天主教，只要它服從佛朗哥。它也將共產主義的國際主義和文化（尤其是反宗教）騷動作為異化問題的一部分，但它遠不止是清除共產主義者。在德國，希特勒和納粹提出了一種混合的異化計劃，即德國民族身份和基於神智學者Helena Blavatsky的玄秘狂言的德國種族身份，她與德國現有的反猶太主義潮流一致，認為猶太人代表著最低（精神）種族形式。

因此，簡而言之，墨索里尼領導下的意大利法西斯主義者尋求恢復意大利民族主義身份並在其旗幟下推動進步。佛朗哥領導下的西班牙法西斯主義者尋求通過一種民族天主教重新統一計劃恢復西班牙民族和文化身份。希特勒領導下的德國法西斯主義者（國家社會主義）尋求恢復德國民族和種族身份，希特勒認為「高文化」源於這一身份，以便字面意義上完成歷史。這三個都是無可救藥的災難。

A similar utterly failed experiment was conducted in various ways throughout South America under the banner of (Catholic) Integralismo, or Integralism (reintegration of Catholic Church and state). Its program was different because the Alien was ironically framed primarily as colonialist in nature (that Iron Law of Woke Projection never misses), particularly blaming Western liberalism and Communism as alienating both indigenous populations and the working classes. South America is mostly Communist today as a result, not least because Integralismo gave way to Marxist Liberation Theology in so many cases (e.g., Dom Helder Camara, the "Red Bishop" of Recife). [No, Pinochet wasn't an Integralist, to be clear, but another sort of Fascist.]

So we understand Fascism as an ideology of (Gnostic) alienation and resentment where there is some idealized group that is a contingency of history itself who has been displaced from its rightful inheritance by an Alien power that must be destroyed.

在南美各地也進行了類似的完全失敗的實驗，這些實驗以（天主教）Integralismo（葡萄牙語）或整合主義的旗幟進行，即重新將天主教會和國家融合。其計劃不同，因為異化者出乎意料地被主要定性為殖民主義的性質（「覺醒投射的鐵律」從不錯過），尤其指責西方自由主義和共產主義異化了原住民和勞工階層。作為結果，南美今天大多是共產主義的，這在很大程度上因為整合主義讓位給馬克思主義的解放神學（例如，雷西夫的「紅主教」赫爾德·卡馬拉）。（為了澄清，皮諾切特不是整合主義者，而是另一種法西斯主義者。）

因此，我們理解法西斯主義是一種（靈知派）異化和怨恨的意識形態，其中有一些理想化的群體是歷史本身的偶然，被異化力量從其合法遺產中排斥，必須摧毀這種力量。

I'll be briefer with Marxism, but it is ultimately the same, differently (same energy, opposite direction). Marxists believe that all of humanity is the alienated group, and the bourgeois class is the Alien. That is, certain human beings are alienating all human beings from their rightful inheritance and proper circumstance unjustly for their own benefit.

Marxists do not look back to a past romanticized golden era for their inspiration, as Marx told us in 1852. They look, he claims, "to the future," but this isn't quite right and requires understanding Marxism properly to comprehend. Marxists all believe they are alienated from that idealized future, though, through the Alien located in the "oppressing" classes.

我將更簡要地描述馬克思主義，但它最終是不同的（相同的能量，相反的方向）。馬克思主義者相信，整個人類是異化的群體，資產階級是異化者。也就是說，某些人不公正地為自己的利益，將所有人從其合法遺產和適當處境中異化。

馬克思主義者並不像馬克思在1852年告訴我們的那樣，將啟發的目光投向過去的浪漫化黃金時代。他們聲稱，他們將目光投向「未來」，但這並不完全正確，需要正確理解馬克思主義才能理解。然而，所有馬克思主義者都相信，他們被異化於那個理想化的未來，儘管這個異化者位於「壓迫」階級中。

Marxism actually adopts the dialectical nonsense of the wildly degenerate Jean-Jacques Rousseau to outline its (Gnostic) theory of man, history, and thus the future from which we allegedly alienate ourselves. Rousseau believed man is imprisoned by the strictures of civilization and is only truly free in his State of Nature ("man is born free but everywhere he is in chains"). Rousseau also liked civilization and all its perks, so he dreamed of completing man by finding a way to live in our State of Nature while retaining all the fruits of society ("savages made to live in cities").

Marx echoed this sentiment clearly in his definition of true Communism: "Communism [is] the positive transcendence of private property as human self-estrangement, and therefore as the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man; communism therefore [is] the complete return of man to him­self as a social (i.e., human) being—a return accomplished consciously and embracing the entire wealth of previous development."

馬克思主義實際上採用了極度墮落的讓-雅克·盧梭的辯證胡言亂語，來闡述其（靈知派）人類、歷史和未來的理論，我們據稱從中異化自己。盧梭相信，人類被文明的嚴格限制所囚禁，只有在自然狀態下才能真正自由（「人生來自由，但無處不是枷鎖」）。盧梭也喜歡文明及其所有特權，因此他夢想通過找到一種方法，讓人在自然狀態下生活，同時保留社會的所有成果（「野蠻人生活在城市中」）。

馬克思在他的共產主義定義中明確迴響了這種情感：「共產主義[是]對私人財產作為人類自我異化和因此作為對人類本質的真正適應的積極超越；因此，共產主義[是]人作為社會（即人類）存在對整個先前發展的意識和掌握的完整回歸。」

Marxists believe that all human beings as one giant group alienate themselves from their true inheritance by alienating themselves from who they really are, and they do so through the acquisition of private property (fundamental right to exclude others from your property), which inherently defines each person as an individual who can hold and withhold property from others (which is the basis for all wealth).

People who support the concept of private property are therefore the Alien who alienates all of man from his inheritance, which is his State of Nature while "embracing the entire wealth of previous development." It is from this preposterous fantasy future Marx believes Communists take their inspiration instead of some stupid, romanticized past era partway along the track. Marxists still romanticize the State of Nature (origin point, Alpha Man) but want him completed (Omega Man) at the same time.

馬克思主義者相信，所有人類作為一個巨大群體，通過獲得私人財產（排除他人於財產之外的基本權利）來異化自己，這本質上將每個人定義為可以持有和拒絕向他人提供財產的個人（這是所有財富的基礎）。

因此，支持私人財產概念的人就是異化者，他們將整個人類從其遺產中異化，這就是他們在「擁抱先前發展的全部財富」的自然狀態下的遺產。這就是馬克思所相信的，共產主義者從這個荒謬的幻想未來中汲取靈感，而不是從某些愚蠢的浪漫化過去時代中汲取靈感。馬克思主義者仍然浪漫化自然狀態（起點，原始人），但同時希望他完成（終極人）。

Marx rejects the rejection of private property "as human self-estrangement," though. That, he argues, defines a low, ugly, brutish, dirty "crude Communism" that doesn't have any higher culture or "wealth of previous development." Instead, it abandons these in its mere hatred of private property.

Marx's project, like that of the Fascists, is ultimately transformative: man must transcend private property, not reject it. Only in that way can he retain "the entire wealth of previous development" and high culture while creating a stateless, classless society in which man is as free as he (always) was in his State of Nature, from which he is alienated.

Marxism therefore mobilizes class conflict by trying to awaken the exploited classes to their alienation and also some of the exploiting classes to their participation in the total alienation of society (think: "feminism is good for men too"). Those who cannot be awakened into militancy or allyship have sided with the Alien and must be destroyed. Maybe two hundred million corpses testify to how destructive and impossible this program is in practice.

然而，馬克思拒絕去拒絕「作為人類自我異化」的私人財產（Pika：這句好難譯我放棄）。他認為，這定義了低級、醜陋、野蠻、骯髒的「原始共產主義」，它沒有更高的文化或「先前發展的財富」。相反，它（「原始共產主義」）僅僅出於對私人財產的仇恨，放棄了這些。

馬克思的項目，就像法西斯主義者一樣，最終是變革的：人類必須超越私人財產，而不是拒絕它。只有這樣，他才能在創造一個無國家、無階級的社會的同時，保留「先前發展的全部財富」和高級文化，讓人類（永遠）在自然狀態下像一樣自由，而他是被從自然狀態異化了。

因此，馬克思主義通過試圖喚醒被剝削階級的異化，以及一些剝削階級的總體社會異化參與（想想：「女權主義也對男性有好處」），來動員階級衝突。那些無法被喚醒為激進主義或盟友的人已經站在了異化者一邊，必須被摧毀。也許兩億屍體證明了這個計劃在實踐中是多麼具有破壞性和不可行。

Enviro-Communism is kind of the ultimate expression of this evil ideology, frankly, because it posits much more explicitly that all of humanity is the Alien who alienates all of humanity, thus turning everyone into the enemy class who alienates us from an ideal high-tech future where nature herself is in her State of Nature. Communism believes this way generally too, accusing everyone of harboring "bourgeois values" on some level, but not quite so drastically explicitly.

The result in both cases is that the resentful people who conclude their lack of success in life is due to alienation by the Alien power adopt a radical politics intentionally destructive to the existing order. Their objective is to claim as much of the infrastructure of that order as they can ("seize the means of production") but also to destroy not only everything they cannot but the entire order upon which it is based so they can replace it with their own (which always conveniently place themselves in abusive power they use to alienate people from their own societies as an interloping Alien).

It must be this way because the roots of the existing society are ultimately either the Alien itself or that which allows and enables the Alien to alienate. The politics will always be radical. The power claimed will always be abused. Destruction and mass death will always result.

The reason for these catastrophes isn't superficial. It's as fundamental as a foundation can be. Their entire world-concept is based on a theory of illegitimate alienation, resentment, pride, entitlement, covetous desire, and rank incompetence at anything except manipulation and usurpation. The (Gnostic) metaphysics of the Alien is the taproot of these programs, whatever their forms, scapegoats, and excuses.

誠實地說，環境共產主義是這種邪惡意識形態的最終表達，因為它更明確地假設整個人類是異化者，將整個人類從理想的高科技未來中異化，在那裡自然本身處於自然狀態（Pika：未受人類改變、干預、破壞等）。共產主義一般也相信這種方式，指控每個人在某種程度上持有「資產階級價值觀」，但沒有那麼極端和明確。

在兩種情況下，結果都是怨恨的人們得出結論，他們在生活中的缺乏成功是由於被異化力量異化所致，他們採用了故意破壞現有秩序的激進政治。他們的目標是奪取盡可能多的該秩序基礎設施（「奪取生產手段」），但同時也摧毀他們無法奪取的一切，以及整個基於該秩序的體系，以便用自己的體系取代它，這總是方便地將自己置於濫用權力的位置，用這個權力將人們從自己的社會中異化，成為一個插手的異化者。

這必須是這種方式，因為現有社會的根源最終是異化者本身，或者允許和使異化者異化。政治總是會是激進的。所聲稱的權力總是會被濫用。破壞和大規模死亡總是會結果。

這些災難的原因並不是表面上。它與（這些思想的）基礎能有的程度一樣根本。他們整個世界觀基於一種關於不合法異化的理論，怨恨、驕傲、權利、貪婪的慾望，以及除了操縱和竊取之外任何事情的嚴重無能。這些計劃的（靈知派）異化異化者形而上學是無論其形式、替罪羊和借口的根源。

Marxism and Fascism manifest differently (same energy, opposite direction) because they locate the pre-alienated state in different places and thus bear a different vision for the completed utopian future, but they're ultimately variations on the same theme. Marxists have a better but more fanciful sales pitch: a world of total freedom and no oppression or injustice based on our State of Nature while retaining the plenty we achieved through our Fall from it. The Fascists boast a more realistic and brutal one: a complete return to a fictionalized Golden Era and the glorious future it promises for our people by kicking out and destroying the interlopers who stole it from us. Marxists, in other words, reject historical contingency while Fascists embrace it and place it in different "received" features like politics, culture, or race.

What being "Woke" means, ultimately, is having "woke up" to this dark fairytale of alienation and committed yourself to doing something about it. That's why I always say that it's a "consciousness" and "a way of seeing the world and acting in it."

馬克思主義和法西斯主義表現不同（相同的能量，相反的方向），因為它們將預先異化的狀態定位在不同的地方，因此對完成的烏托邦未來有不同的願景，但最終是同一主題的變體。馬克思主義者有一個更好但更華麗的銷售論點：一個完全自由、沒有壓迫或不公正的世界，基於我們的自然狀態，同時保留我們通過從中墮落而獲得的豐富（Pika：物質上？）。法西斯主義者則吹噓一個更現實和殘酷的願景：完全回歸一個虛構的黃金時代，以及它為我們的民族承諾的輝煌未來，通過驅逐和摧毀從我們手中偷走它的插手者。換句話說，馬克思主義者拒絕歷史偶然性，而法西斯主義者擁抱它，並將其置於不同的「接收」特徵中，如政治、文化或種族。

最終，「覺醒」意味著「覺醒」對這種黑暗的童話故事，並致力於對此做些什麼。這就是為什麼我總是說，它是一種「意識」和「一種看待世界和行動的方式」。

That consciousness, necessarily, is critical too, in the sense of Critical Theory. That's why you could say that being Woke means using Critical Theory. Why? Because as dispossessed outsiders, the alienated people aren't in a position to challenge (or even fully imagine or articulate) the circumstance that should have been absent the Alien power. What they can do, however, is criticize the Alien power for not being the glorious vision in their dark fairytales, allowing them to pull at the loose threads of existing society and radicalize the people who can be led into feeling dispossessed and resentful of it. This is all parasitic and toxic, but that's Critical Theory.

Does this help you understand these evil ideologies better? Does it help you see why the "Woke" on both "Woke Left" and "Woke Right" are, in fact, "Woke"?

這種意識，必要地，也是批判性的，在批判理論的意義上。這就是為什麼你可以說，覺醒意味著使用批判理論。為什麼？因為作為被剝奪的局外人，被異化的人民沒有地位挑戰（甚至完全想像或表達）沒有異化力量應該存在的處境。然而，他們可以批評異化力量，因為它不是他們黑暗童話故事中的輝煌願景，讓他們能夠拉扯現有社會的鬆散線頭，並激進化那些可以引領感到被剝奪和對它怨恨的人。這一切都是寄生和有毒的，但這就是批判理論。

這是否能幫助你更好地理解這些邪惡的意識形態？是否能幫助你看到為什麼「覺醒」的「清醒左翼」和「清醒右翼」事實上都是「覺醒」的？

If you found this confusing, it's because @jordanbpeterson is right: the whole thing is the result of disordered, narcissistic, psychopathic thinking and traits. It's difficult to understand because it's operationalized psychopathology justified through tortured language games.

如果你發現這令人困惑，這是因為@jordanbpeterson是正確的：這一切是失序、自戀、精神病態思考和特質的結果。它很難理解，因為它是通過複雜的語言遊戲正義的運營精神病理，被扭曲的意識形態。