远古女性主义的狂欢｜译欧里庇得斯《酒神》（英中对照）

[按]：欧里庇得斯的《酒神的女信徒》（The Bacchae）也许是古希腊悲剧中最震撼的一部，约创作于公元前405年之前，因为据说它是公元前 405 年城市酒神节上获奖的四部曲之一。全剧围绕酒神狄俄尼索斯（Dionysus）返回其故乡底比斯展开，神明以迷醉和非理性的神秘要求人间承认其神性，凡人却以理性、秩序、阳刚之力抗拒，终酿成彻底的崩溃与清算。

标题 Bacchae 为希腊语复数词，指的是酒神的女信徒，拉丁化为 Bacchantes 或 Maenads即“美那德”（源自 mainesthai，意为“狂乱”）。她们在剧中不仅是宗教仪式的参与者，更代表着自然、生命、集体无意识与女性身体的古老能量。

从远古女性主义宗教的遗响出发，《酒神的女信徒》可被看作一部关于女性压抑与解放的神话剧。剧中女性摆脱城邦与父权的枷锁，奔向山林自然、狂舞放歌，既是宗教的，也是实用的，是在神力感召下对“理性秩序”的破坏性反抗。她们的力量既令人向往，也令人恐惧——这正是古典悲剧的核心张力所在。

在这个血与神性交织的故事中，人类、尤其是女性所能达到的神秘境界、超验的通灵体验与这种境界对于现实生存的动摇与危险，被深刻而诗意地揭示出来。

CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY

剧中人物

Dionysus, the God; son of Zeus and of the Theban princess Semelê.

狄俄尼索斯，神明；宙斯与底比斯公主塞墨勒之子。

Cadmus, formerly King of Thebes.

卡德摩斯，底比斯前王。

Pentheus, King of Thebes, grandson of Cadmus.

潘透斯，底比斯国王，卡德摩斯之孙。

Teiresias, an aged seer of Thebes.

泰瑞西阿斯，底比斯老先知。

A Soldier, of Pentheus’ Guard.

士兵，潘透斯的守卫之一。

Two Messengers.

两位信使。

Agâvê, mother of Pentheus, daughter of Cadmus.

阿伽维，潘透斯之母，卡德摩斯之女。

Chorus of Bacchæ, female votaries of Dionysus from the East.

酒神的女信徒合唱队，自东方而来的狄俄尼索斯女信徒。

剧本正文开始：

DIONYSUS

Behold, God's son is come unto this land

Of Thebes, even I, Dionysus, whom the brand

Of heaven's dread splendour lit to life, when she

Who bore me, Cadmus’ daughter Semelê,

Died here. So, changed in form to mortal guise,

I stand again by Dirce’s streams and rise,

A God made man, the Semelêan seed,

To vindicate her name and crown my creed

As true God born to God.

狄俄尼索斯

看哪，神之子降临此地，

底比斯城中，是我——狄俄尼索斯。

我自天火而生，光辉可怖，

母亲是塞墨勒，卡德摩斯之女，

于此间殒命。今我改容为人形，

再度立于底尔刻水边之地，

神化为人，塞墨勒之子，

为洗清她之耻辱，亦昭示我之神性，

我乃真神，神所生。

DIONYSUS (continued)

For my mother's sisters, proud dames they be,

Said Dionysus was no son to thee,

Zeus; but Semelê had dreamed, and for her shame

Was blasted by thy thunder. They proclaim

That Cadmus, with some man’s craft, subtly smiled

And fathered on the God a mortal child.

Thus must they vaunt; for them the truth was shame.

So will I prove mine birth; and all shall name

Dionysus, son of God, and tremble when

They see the wrath of God enclose them then.

狄俄尼索斯（续）

我之舅母，皆是傲妇，

声称我非宙斯之子，

说塞墨勒只是一场梦，

为梦中羞耻而遭雷击。

她们还说，是卡德摩斯施诡计，

以凡人之子冒充神胎。

她们夸口如此，只为掩羞。

我必证我出身神祇，

叫众人皆称我为神子狄俄尼索斯，

当神怒降临，世人将战栗。

DIONYSUS

To earth I come, leaving the gold of heaven,

And change my shape to mortal, so these eyes

May see the vengeance; and the victim cries

Of men and women stiffen into stone.

Yea, I have bound my godhead in a man’s

Visage and form, and walk the ways of men,

A God in exile from the sky. And lo,

The first land I have reached, even this land,

That kindled first the fire that burned my name

To godhead; here my mother bore of old

Her deathless burden, struck by mortal flame.

狄俄尼索斯

我自天上黄金宫阙降临，

化身为人，只为亲眼见

惩罚临身，听人兽之哀嚎化为死寂。

是的，我将神性束于凡形之内，

行走人间，天界放逐之神。

而这片土地，便是我初至之地，

我之神名最早自此燃起。

我母昔日怀我——不死的胎——

却被凡火焚灭于此。

DIONYSUS

And I have come to vindicate her fame,

And punish all who slighted my great name.

For, lo! Thebes hath denied me, and refused

My godhead; and my mystic rites abused

Unhonoured; and their hearts no longer know

What reverence owes to me. Therefore I go

To prove me God, and show this mortal man

That Dionysus walks with him again.

狄俄尼索斯

我来此，为洗母名，

也为惩戒亵我神威者。

看哪，底比斯否认我神性，

侮蔑我神秘的圣仪，

心中无我，不复敬畏。

故我将显我为神，

叫凡人知狄俄尼索斯再临。

DIONYSUS

And, first, this land of Thebes, where most my name

Was blasphemed, and Semelê’s, with causeless shame

Was branded—her I honour, making plain

To men she bore a god, and not in vain.

狄俄尼索斯

我先降此地——底比斯，

我之神名遭最深亵渎之所。

塞墨勒蒙羞，无端受辱，

我将还她荣耀，显于众人，

她所生者非凡人，而是真神。

DIONYSUS

And there are other cities, known to fame

In Hellas, who accept my sacred name

And rites of worship. They are wise. But these—

Thebes only—stand against me; and her laws

Are armed with wrath, and scorn me. Therefore I

Shall make my justice as a flame go by.

狄俄尼索斯

希腊诸城，多有识我圣名，

奉我神礼者——彼皆智也。

惟底比斯违我，逆我为敌，

以律法拒我，以傲慢待我。

故我必施正义，烈焰而行。

DIONYSUS

My Maids, whom from the mountain I have brought

Of Tmolus, Lydia’s hill, and thence have taught

My mysteries and my dances, and have made

A band of Saints, whose hearts are mine, arrayed

Against the earth, and the scorn of men—

These dwell upon the rocks of Dirce’s glen

And soil not Thebes. There will I dance and play,

My Bacchanals, where no man dares gainsay.

狄俄尼索斯

我自吕底亚托摩洛斯山，

引我之女徒而来，

教她们我的圣仪与舞步，

成我圣众，心属于我，

抵抗世人之蔑视与尘俗。

她们今栖于底尔刻溪谷之岩，

不污底比斯之地。

我将在那里起舞狂欢，

与我之女信徒共舞，无人敢阻。

DIONYSUS

And whoso with unhallowed eyes shall try

To watch them, shall, with his profaning lie,

Be hurled to darkness! For it is no man’s place

To spy upon God’s mysteries. Nay, the grace

And breath of life is theirs who reverent stand,

And nought dishonour that the Gods command.

狄俄尼索斯

凡敢以不敬之目，窥视她们者，

其亵渎之罪，将坠入黑暗！

神秘不容凡人窥探，

惟敬畏者，得享神恩与生气，

不辱神所命者，方得平安。

DIONYSUS

Therefore I have veiled my godhead in the shape

Of man, and drawn the mortal veil, to escape

The wrath of those who spurn me. Let them see

My vengeance, and confess the mystery.

狄俄尼索斯

是故我以凡身蔽神性，

披上人之外形，避人之怒。

待其自见我之惩戒，

方知神秘之不可违。

合唱队登场：

CHORUS

(Entering, singing)

From Asia, from the sacred land

Of Tmolus, wind-raked mountain,

We come with dancing and delight,

Holy bands in holy rite,

To bring Dionysus home again!

合唱队

（唱入）

自亚洲，自神圣之地，

托摩洛斯，风扫之山，

我们翩舞而来，心怀喜悦，

圣徒成群，行圣之礼，

迎狄俄尼索斯归故土！

CHORUS

He leads us—Dionysus—on!

Our Lord, the Son of Zeus, the Child

Of thunder and the blazing flame,

Our King, our Guide,

Our Lord most mild,

Blessed is he who knows His name!

合唱队

是祂引领我们——狄俄尼索斯！

吾主，宙斯之子，

雷火交鸣中诞生之婴，

我王，我导，

最温柔之主，

识祂圣名者，真有福！

CHORUS

He shall go unto the mountains,

To the deep green vale and fountain,

Seeking those who in his love

Through the forest lightly move,

With ivy wreathed and fawn-skin clad,

Waving the wand of Bacchus glad,

And all the earth shall dance and sing

When Dionysus leads the ring.

合唱队

祂将登山而行，

入翠谷幽泉之境，

寻那在祂爱中游走林间者，

身披常春藤，

兽皮作衣，

欢舞挥杖，酒神之标。

当狄俄尼索斯引领圆舞，

天地共舞共歌。

CHORUS

O Thebes, thou nurse of Semelê,

Crown thyself with ivy crown!

Bloom with sprays of vine and tree,

Speak for Him in holy sound,

Blessèd He beyond compare!

合唱队

哦，底比斯，哺育塞墨勒之地，

以常春藤为冠自冕吧！

以藤蔓与枝叶繁花，

为祂高声颂唱——

祂福泽无双，世间罕见！

CHORUS

Cry aloud! Cry to the God!

Shout till the sky shall hear!

Cry “Evoë!” yet again!

Sing, sing the joy of the pain!

Blessed is He in man’s fear!

合唱队

高声呼唤！呼唤吾神！

呐喊，直至苍天动听！

再呼“伊沃厄！”之名，

歌唱吧，痛中之喜，

人心战栗中，祂显福佑！

CHORUS

He hath tamed the lust of the blood,

He hath curbed the wrath of the wild,

He hath stilled the hurrying flood

Of the madness in man’s child.

He hath given the rage of the heart

A place and a name and a part.

合唱队

祂平息血欲之火，

祂约束狂野之怒，

祂止住急流奔腾，

那是人子心中之狂。

祂赐那心之暴烈——

其所归，其名分，其秩序。

CHORUS

He hath dyed the days with mirth,

He hath given man his tears,

He hath filled the earth with worth,

The tale of the rolling years.

He hath stablished peace on the ground,

And a music of many sound.

合唱队

祂染日光以欢笑，

亦赐人以泪珠，

祂使大地充满价值，

岁月流转皆述其名。

祂在尘世建立和平，

万音之乐回响四方。

TEIRESIAS enters, very old and leaning on a staff. He calls at the palace door.

Ho, there, who is within? Go, bid the master

Cadmus come forth, Agenor’s son, who crossed

The sea from Sidon and upreared this Thebes!

Let one go in and tell him what I, Teiresias,

Am waiting, and have need of him.

泰瑞西阿斯登场，年迈，倚杖。敲宫门。

喂，宫中有人吗？快去通报，

叫主人卡德摩斯出来，

阿革诺耳之子，自西顿渡海，

建立此城——底比斯者！

叫人进去禀告，就说我，泰瑞西阿斯，

在此等候，有事相求。

CADMUS enters from the Palace. He is very old, and wears a wreath of ivy and a fawn-skin, like TEIRESIAS.

Dear friend and fellow in age! What joy is this,

I see thee still the wise, still honouring

The Gods! What new thing seek we in this guise

Of ivy-crowned and clothed in fawn-skin coat,

With the long ivy rod? Methinks I see

The God, my daughter’s son, Dionysus!

卡德摩斯出，自宫中。亦年迈，戴常春藤冠，披鹿皮，与泰瑞西阿斯装束相似。

我亲爱的老友啊！何等喜悦！

你仍旧睿智，仍敬诸神！

我们今日此身打扮，

藤冠鹿衣，手持长杖，

所为何来？我仿佛看见——

我女儿之子，狄俄尼索斯神！

TEIRESIAS

The God is near us, aye, He is here!

What eyes can see Him not, what soul deny?

This new God whom the son of Semelê

Bore of old in her travail, wrapt in flame?

Have we not seen His might?—Yea, and shall see.

泰瑞西阿斯

神已临近，是的，祂在此！

何人之目可不见？何魂敢否认？

此新神，昔由塞墨勒所生，

火焰之中，苦痛之中降世。

祂神力显赫——吾等已见，

更将再见。

关于宗教与理性的精彩言说：

CADMUS

What must I do? And how walk reverently,

To Dionysus rightly? Shall I hold

The ivy wand, and dance, and strike the ground

With rapid foot?

卡德摩斯

我当如何？如何行敬？

以正礼侍狄俄尼索斯？

我是否须执藤杖而舞，

急足击地？

TEIRESIAS

Yea, so it is ordained.

The God loves honour in the ways of men.

Our age is lightly lifted, hand in hand

With holiness.

泰瑞西阿斯

正是如此，神之命也。

神悦人之敬礼。

我辈老迈，亦可借圣行

而轻身前往，与神同行。

CADMUS

I never will we weary of the day,

Treading the green earth in the dance and play,

Crowned with the wreaths and ivy, on mine head!

卡德摩斯

我愿日日如此，永不倦怠，

踏青土而舞而游，

头戴藤冠，不负此身！

TEIRESIAS

We do not wise with pride of subtle words;

But here our wisdom stands—make no vain stir

Against the Gods. Tradition and long years

Are wise. What thou hast heard and what thy sires

Have told thee, that believe. The soul of man

Can reach no further. Though methinks there be

Some young man hereabouts, puffed up with pride

Of speech and wit, that deems himself a giant

In heaven's ways, but shall be brought to nothing.

I bid thee, Cadmus, send, and quickly too,

To all the town, to gather womenfolk,

And crown them with the wreaths of Bacchus' vine,

And let them know this new God Dionysus,

Set for all time o'er all the sons of men.

泰瑞西阿斯

我们不以巧辩自诩，

真智慧在于此：莫妄动反神。

传统与年岁，自有其智。

你所听闻，祖辈所传，

当信之，人之魂不可妄越。

此地似有年少狂士，

自负才思，妄想测天道，

终将空无一物。

卡德摩斯，我劝你速遣人，

遍告全城，召唤众妇，

头戴酒神之藤冠，

认此新神狄俄尼索斯，

世世代代，为人主宰。

潘透斯登场，质疑神祇与仪式：

CADMUS

Even now I go; and all that in my power

Lies to do, I will do. Let us go, my friend,

And not provoke the wrath of Dionysus.

Ah, he is near, and where he is, is joy!

卡德摩斯

我即刻前往；凡我所能，

皆当为之。来吧，老友，

切莫触怒狄俄尼索斯。

啊，祂已临近，祂在之处，便是喜乐！

TEIRESIAS

Dost thou not see? He is with us even now!

But if so be the city scorns His power,

Yet must I vindicate the God, and thou.

泰瑞西阿斯

你未见吗？祂此刻便与我们同在！

纵然此城轻视祂之神力，

我与你，仍须为神伸义！

They go into the mountains. Enter PENTHEUS.

Lo, yonder! of what strange marvel have we sight?

Aye, I can scarce believe mine eyes, so wild

The thing I see! This, sure, is madness—this

Some evil power hath struck them!

他们进入山中，潘透斯登场

看哪，那边！我所见，岂非怪状？

我几疑所见非实，何等荒诞！

此乃狂妄之至——

是有邪力惑乱其心！

PENTHEUS

Ho there! Go quick to all the gates, and bar

Each with a bolt of bronze! Then seek and seize

That priest, the headman of the Bacchic crew,

Who’s passed from Lydian land, with fragrant hair

And golden curls, all flushed and ruddy-cheeked

With wine, and in his eyes the magic dark

Of wine’s enchantment. Seize him! Chain him fast!

He sets a fire among us with his rites!

潘透斯

喂！快传令诸门，

俱以铜闩封闭！

且去擒拿那祭司首领，

彼自吕底亚而来，

鬓发香柔，金卷披肩，

酒气熏颜，双颊泛红，

眼中昏光乃酒之魅，

快缚其身！速将其锁！

他以邪礼燃我城之火！

PENTHEUS

They say that stranger comes to steal men's hearts

With treacherous lure of joy and flowing hair,

To gather women to his senseless rites,

And feast them in the darkness! It must end.

If I but catch him in this house of mine,

I'll stop his tossing head from nodding more,

And check the wand that waves him into shame!

潘透斯

人言此异邦客，

巧以诱乐与披发之媚，

盗人之心，引女入邪礼，

幽暗中行饮宴之耻。

此风不可长。

若我得擒于我宫中，

必割其狂首，使之不再摇摆，

折其藤杖，使羞辱止息！

PENTHEUS

He saith there is a new God born of Heaven!

He saith He was once wrapt in fire and flame!

He brings a wine-god in a hollow skin,

A joy of drunkenness and day-long shame.

I’ll trap him soon! I’ll stop these empty boasts.

Away! Quick to the mountain paths! Go round

And track the girls, where in the haunted ground

They make their nest. Seize all, and in wild bands

Chain them and hither drive them, hand by hand!

潘透斯

他说，有一新神自天而生！

说自己曾浴火焰而出！

他携“酒神”，藏于革囊，

带来醉乐与终日羞耻。

我将速擒其身，使其狂语止息！

快！奔山路，遍搜诸处！

去捉那群女子，藏于幻地之中，

为巢为窟。悉数擒来，

成群结缚，逐一押解至此！

Servants go off. Enter DIONYSUS, in the guise of a Stranger.

Behold, the man you seek! I yield me here.

Lead me, for I am he you seek to chain.

Yet think not Dionysus shall be thus

Conquered by man. Your folly blinds you, sir,

Not me. You know not what you do, nor what

You are, nor who I am.

仆人离场。狄俄尼索斯化身陌生人登场。

看哪，你所觅之人已至！

我自投罗网，任你束缚，

我便是你欲锁之身。

但莫以为，狄俄尼索斯

将被凡人所胜。

是你愚昧，非我。

你不知你所行，

不知你是谁，亦不知我是谁。

狄俄尼索斯与潘透斯的正式交锋：

PENTHEUS

Bind fast his hands! He comes to Thebes to work

Evil and shame. A vile enchanter he!

I see it now. A trapper of our maids,

And secret vile corrupter of our homes!

潘透斯

快缚其手！此人来我底比斯，

是为播下罪恶与羞耻！

是个卑劣的惑术者！

我今已明白——

他诱我女儿，败我家风！

DIONYSUS

You know not why you live, nor what you do,

Nor who you are.

狄俄尼索斯

你不知你为何而生，

不知你所行何为，

亦不知你是何人。

PENTHEUS

Aye, better far be wise, like me, than wise

In foolish folly, following one who leads

To shame!

潘透斯

是啊，能如我这般明智，

岂不远胜你那愚智之道？

盲随一人，走向羞辱！

DIONYSUS

A man defying God will never be

Wise, nor just, nor blessed in life or death.

狄俄尼索斯

亵神之人，

无论生死，终不得智，

不得正，亦不得福。

PENTHEUS

You speak in riddles now. But if I bind

You in a dungeon-cell, it shall be plain.

潘透斯

你语如谜语。

但若我将你囚入地牢，

那时便一切明了。

DIONYSUS

My God Himself shall free me, when I will.

狄俄尼索斯

神将自来解我之缚，

在我愿意之时。

PENTHEUS

Aye, call Him now! He is not far, I ween.

潘透斯

那你快叫祂来！

我想祂应不远！

DIONYSUS

He sees what I endure. He stands near by.

狄俄尼索斯

祂正目睹我所受之苦，

祂已近在旁。

PENTHEUS

Where is He? Nothing shows Him to mine eyes.

潘透斯

祂何在？我眼所见，空无一物。

DIONYSUS

Where I am, there is He. You cannot see

For your unpurged and sin-polluted soul.

狄俄尼索斯

我所在处，祂亦在。

你之魂未洁，被罪所蔽，故不能见。

PENTHEUS

Seize him! He mocks us! Chain him at the gate!

潘透斯

拿下！他在嘲弄我等！

将他锁于城门之下！

DIONYSUS

I charge you, bind me not! I being wise,

You bind your God. Your chains shall not hold long.

The God shall loose them!

狄俄尼索斯

我劝你，勿缚我身！

我乃有智之者，而你所缚，实为神明。

尔等锁链，持之不久，

神自将解！

PENTHEUS

You are the master of your tongue, I mine

Of this strong hand!

潘透斯

你可主你之舌，

而我主我手之力！

DIONYSUS

You know not what you do, nor what you are.

狄俄尼索斯

你不知你所行，

亦不知你本是谁。

PENTHEUS

Pentheus, King of Thebes, the son of Agâvê!

潘透斯

我名潘透斯，底比斯之王，

阿伽维之子！

DIONYSUS

You are doomed to suffer for that name of yours.

狄俄尼索斯

你将因此名而受苦。

狄俄尼索斯被囚禁，显现神力与使城中动荡的奇迹：

PENTHEUS

Take him! He is mad! This fellow is insane,

And full of fury, not of sober mind!

潘透斯

把他带走！他疯了！

此人已癫狂，全无正念！

DIONYSUS

You would not know the sober from the mad,

Nor who is mad indeed, or who is wise.

狄俄尼索斯

你分不清谁是清明，谁是狂人，

谁真癫，谁真智。

PENTHEUS

Lock him in darkness! Give him barley bread,

And water hardly measured! That shall tame

His wildness and his mystery!

潘透斯

将他锁于暗牢！只给粗麦饼，

并滴水计量喂之！

如此能驯其狂性与神秘！

DIONYSUS

Yet shall I go, not go; be bound, not bound.

You shall behold new marvels, even now,

As I am led. The God shall come with me,

Yea, and the holy Maenads. Wait and see!

狄俄尼索斯

我将去而不去，缚而不缚，

奇迹将现，你且观看，

神将同行，狂女亦至。

等着看吧！

The guards lead DIONYSUS away. Exit PENTHEUS. The CHORUS remains.

CHORUS

O Thebes, thou dwellest on the hill

Where waving Dirce flows,

Why dost thou scorn thy children still?

Why spurn the God who goes

With joy through all thy land?

侍卫押走狄俄尼索斯。潘透斯退场。合唱队留场。

合唱队

哦底比斯，你居山上，

底尔刻水波轻荡，

为何你轻弃你子民？

为何你驱逐吾神，

祂以喜乐行于你地？

CHORUS

Dionysus loves the dance!

He loves the mystic round,

Where Maenads wreathe and glance,

With ivy vines enwound.

Who shall deny His praise?

合唱队

狄俄尼索斯喜舞蹈，

悦狂欢之圈轮回旋，

女狂者环绕藤蔓中，

眼神跳跃，身姿轻旋，

谁敢拒绝赞美祂？

CHORUS

Soon shall the God reveal His power,

Soon shall He smite with righteous rod,

This man who mocks at name and rite,

Who dares to chain the living God,

And sets at naught His holy light!

合唱队

神将显其威，

神杖将正击傲人，

此人讥神名与礼，

敢缚活神不敬，

轻视神圣之光焰！

CHORUS

Hide thee, O Earth, O Sunlight, veil thy flame!

The tyrant binds the God!

Mockery and shame!

He lifts his heel against the throne of Heaven!

He dareth Death, being man!

He shall be driven

Down to the gulf of Hell!

合唱队

藏身吧，大地！遮光吧，太阳！

暴君正缚神灵！

何等讥笑与耻辱！

他竟举足，践踏天座！

凡人竟敢挑战死亡！

他必被逐，

坠入冥渊！

CHORUS

O Dionysus! God! appear!

Thy foe is near!

Stretch forth Thy hand,

Brandish Thy golden wand!

And make the Earth shake,

And thunder awake,

And burst the iron bars,

And loose Thy Son from prison!

合唱队

狄俄尼索斯，吾神！显现吧！

你之敌人近在眼前！

伸出圣手，

挥动你金色神杖！

震动大地，

唤起雷霆，

摧破铁锁，

释放你圣子于牢中！

Thunder. A sudden earthquake shakes the palace. CHORUS shrinks back in terror.

What is this sound?

What crash of awe,

What unseen thunder roars from heaven?

O holy God,

Thy wrath is breaking now!

雷声轰鸣。一阵突如其来的地震撼动王宫。合唱队惊恐后退。

这是何声？

这惊惧之响？

何天上雷霆怒吼而下？

哦神圣的神！

你之怒火今朝破裂！

MESSENGER

And in that place, the God was gone.

None saw Him pass, but every one

Stood still in awe and dread; and then

The wisest spoke: “These things are done

By no man's hand. It is a God!”

信使

那时，那地，神已不见。

无人见祂如何离去，

人人却惊怖肃立。

而后，有智者发言：

“此非人力之为，乃神明也！”

CHORUS

Glory, glory! Let the sky

Ring with joy! Cry, cry on high!

God, the Child of God is free!

Dionysus lives again,

From the prison and the chain

Risen, and in majesty!

合唱队

荣耀，荣耀！让苍天

响彻喜声！呼唤，呼唤至高！

神，神之子已得自由！

狄俄尼索斯复生，

脱离囚笼与锁链，

威光赫赫而归！

MESSENGER

Now Pentheus, when he heard the sound

And saw the earth and palace shake,

Leapt forth and called his men around.

Swift to his sword and spear he flew,

Like one possessed, who nothing knew

But rage, and fear of ruin near.

信使

当潘透斯闻声而出，

见宫殿大地震动，

即刻呼召侍从，

急取剑与矛，

神志迷乱，唯知愤怒，

似觉毁灭迫近！

MESSENGER

But, lo! The Stranger came once more,

All calm, and smiling at the door,

With wine-dark hair and vision clear,

And on His lips no trace of fear.

信使

看哪，那“异邦人”再度现身，

神色安然，微笑立于门前，

酒色长发，目光澄明，

唇边无惧，全然自若。

MESSENGER

And then he spake: “O madman, still

You know me not, nor yet your ill,

Nor what you do, nor who I am.”

Pentheus stood trembling, like a flame

Of wind-blown smoke, and straight gave word

To bind Him fast—then spoke the Lord:

信使

然后祂言道：“狂人哪，

你仍不识我，不识你之祸，

不知所为，不知我是谁。”

潘透斯战栗如烟中火，

遂令手下将祂再缚，

而那主宰又言：

DIONYSUS (reported speech)

“Stay! Be not rash.

What is it you would lash

And bind? A vision or a dream?

My soul you cannot snare or chain.

It flies, and at its will again

Returns, when I would seem.”

狄俄尼索斯（转述之言）

“止步！莫妄动，

你欲击缚者是何？

幻象耶？梦影乎？

我之灵魂非你可缚，

它自飞翔，随我意志，

显隐不定如影。”

MESSENGER

And saying thus, he vanished quite!

And there, with all their armour bright,

His guards stood, staring in amaze.

Then some one cried aloud, “A blaze!”

And flames from hearth and roof-tree broke;

And Pentheus, seeing, gave a cry,

And called for water! Then a stroke

Of fire from God, with crash and cry,

Smote down the house—and silence fell.

信使

如此言罢，祂忽然消散！

而侍卫们，满身武装，

皆愕然伫立。

忽一人高呼：“火起！”

烈焰自屋脊与炉火腾起；

潘透斯见状惊呼，

急唤取水！

然神火一击，雷鸣夹嚎，

击坠王宫——万物寂然。

CHORUS

O Dionysus, holy One,

Come, now the God, in might, in joy,

Shake down yon halls of Pentheus' line!

Show Thebes the power that mocks her pride!

Be manifest, O Child divine!

合唱队

哦，狄俄尼索斯，神圣者，

此刻显现，以力与喜，

倾覆潘透斯之宫！

令底比斯目睹神威，

羞其傲心！

显现吧，神圣之子！

潘透斯决定伪装窥视山中女祭司的狂欢：

Enter PENTHEUS from the palace, confused and shaken

What was that noise? A voice...a flame?

This Stranger—where is He? Who came

And shook the house? My soul is torn.

I see—but all is mist and scorn!

潘透斯自宫出，神志迷乱，满面惊惧

那是何声？是喊？是火？

那异人何在？是谁来临

震撼吾宫？我魂将裂！

我目所见，尽为迷雾与讥嘲！

DIONYSUS (entering, calm)

Why so troubled, prince of Thebes?

Are you afraid? Your house still stands.

No fire remains—no chain, no bands.

The God has freed Himself with ease.

Now listen—do as I shall please.

狄俄尼索斯（入场，神色安然）

何以忧惧，如此动容？

底比斯之王，你尚惊慌？

宫殿犹在，无火无链，

神已轻脱枷锁。

现听我语，照我所愿而行。

PENTHEUS

I shall not! You mock me, trickster guest!

But wait—speak. Tell me—how can I

Best spy upon these women high

On Cithaeron’s haunted crest?

潘透斯

我绝不！你乃戏弄之客！

但且慢……说吧，告诉我，

我当如何才能窥探

那些在奇山基泰戎上狂舞之妇？

DIONYSUS

You truly wish to see them there,

These women lost in god-led fire?

狄俄尼索斯

你真愿前往观看？

那群沉醉神灵之火的女子？

PENTHEUS

Yes! Though it cost me life entire,

I’d see their lewdness, see them bare!

潘透斯

是的！纵使丧命，亦不惜！

我必亲见她们之淫乱与裸形！

DIONYSUS

You burn with lust. Yet still you may

See what you wish—but in my way.

狄俄尼索斯

你欲火中烧。然你可得见，

但须依我之法。

PENTHEUS

What must I do?

潘透斯

我当如何？

DIONYSUS

Wear woman’s dress,

A fawn-skin cloak, and tresses bright,

A wand, and sandals soft and light—

So shall you watch them in the press.

狄俄尼索斯

着女装，

披鹿皮，戴秀发，

执藤杖，穿软履——

如此你方可潜于群中。

PENTHEUS

A dress? A man? In woman's wear?

潘透斯

着女衣？堂堂男儿，岂可如此？

DIONYSUS

Lest they should kill you, unaware.

They’ll know you not in such array.

You’ll spy unseen—go dress! Obey!

狄俄尼索斯

否则你将命丧其手，

着此装束，她们不识，

你可潜行，暗观其行。

去吧，速去更衣！

接下来的段落，便是著名的描写女祭司在山上狂欢的颂歌和场景：

Enter SECOND MESSENGER

Pentheus, lord of Thebes, I come

From dark Cithaeron’s haunted dome.

I’ve seen what no man’s eyes should see—

And yet, if truth must spoken be,

I saw the Bacchae there, alone,

All mad and wild—but not with wine.

Their cheeks were flushed, but not with shame;

They sang no song men’s mouths could name.

Their dance was not of human kind—

It was of gods—of another mind!

第二信使登场

潘透斯，底比斯之王，

我自幽冥的基泰戎山而来。

我亲眼见到了——

人间不该见的东西。

但既然必须说实话，

我看见了那群酒神的女人，

她们独自呆在山中，

全身狂乱，但绝非因酒。

她们脸颊通红，却无一丝羞耻，

她们唱的歌，世人未曾听闻；

她们跳的舞，不是凡人的节奏——

那是神的舞步，是另一种意识！

MESSENGER

Some lay on pine boughs, still asleep,

With garlands fresh and breathing deep.

Some played with fawns, with gentle hands,

Some suckled wolf-cubs where they stand!

You’d say they were all sweet and tame—

Till old Autonoë gave the name

Of Bacchus, and a sudden cry

Rang up into the morning sky!

信使

有的女人躺在松枝上沉睡，

头上花冠新鲜，呼吸安稳；

有的轻轻抚弄着幼鹿，

甚至当众哺乳狼崽！

你会以为她们安静温柔，

直到那老妇奥托诺埃高呼“酒神在上！”

突然——一声尖叫冲破晨空！

MESSENGER

Then up they sprang, like startled birds,

Casting wild eyes, no need for words.

They tossed their hair and screamed His name,

The mountain echoed back the same.

They ran—they flew—through rock and tree,

Mad, howling, wild, and deathlessly free!

信使

她们猛然跳起，像惊起的飞鸟，

目光炽烈，无需多言；

她们甩动长发，狂呼酒神之名，

山岳回声，一呼百应。

她们奔跑、她们飞翔，

穿林越石，狂笑嚎叫，

如脱缰野兽，自由得近乎永生！

MESSENGER

They tore live calves apart with hands,

Ripped bleeding flesh with wedding bands,

Laughed as warm blood drenched their face,

Their shrieks shook every wooded place!

They twisted limbs of cows in air,

Snapped them like twigs—no struggle there!

信使

她们赤手撕裂小牛，

婚戒不落，沾满血肉；

她们笑着，任温热的鲜血

喷涌在脸上，狂呼回荡林间！

她们高高举起母牛四肢，

像折树枝一样折断——

牛连挣扎都来不及！

MESSENGER

Then on they surged—through fields they tore,

Like plague or fire—men barred the door,

But doors and walls meant nothing now—

They stormed like wind, they shattered bough!

They stole the children from the home,

They wore the steel of men like foam.

No blade could cut, no spear could wound—

They danced, and laughed, and ran, and swooned!

信使

她们如瘟疫，如火海般席卷山野，

农夫紧闭家门——

可门？墙？对她们毫无意义！

她们像暴风一样冲撞、撕裂枝干，

甚至从屋中抢走孩子，

男人的利剑对她们如泡沫般无力。

刀刺不入，枪伤不成，

她们一边跳舞，一边大笑、狂奔、跌倒！

MESSENGER

This is no lie, no poet’s tale—

We watched the strongest soldiers pale,

Run back in fear, or sink to prayer,

For something more than human there

Had filled the hills, the wind, the ground—

That voice, that flame, that thundering sound!

信使

我所言非虚，非诗人之夸饰——

最强的战士都脸色发白，

不是逃跑，就是下跪祈祷。

因为那不是人力，

是某种神性的东西，

充满山谷、空气与土地——

那声音，那火焰，那震耳欲聋的天雷！

潘透斯听完报告后决意前往，并被狄俄尼索斯一步步诱入毁灭：

PENTHEUS

This madness must be stopped! They shame

My city, smear my royal name.

A soldier—bring me gear to wear,

I’ll go myself, I’ll climb up there,

Spy on their rites with my own eyes,

And catch them in their naked lies!

潘透斯

这疯癫必须终结！她们玷污了我底比斯的名声，

让我国王的脸都丢尽了！

士兵！给我准备行装！

我要亲自登山，

亲眼看看她们的所谓“神礼”，

当场抓住她们那荒唐的裸行与谎言！

DIONYSUS

You'll go? And dressed the way I said?

In woman's cloak and golden thread?

With curls upon your royal brow—

My friend, your time is coming now.

狄俄尼索斯

你真要去？照我说的方式？

穿女袍，饰金线？

头戴华发卷曲如女？

呵，朋友，你的时辰到了。

PENTHEUS

You’re right. I must be cunning, sly.

Not just a king, but like a spy.

No sword or shield—just soft disguise.

They must not know a man draws nigh.

潘透斯

对，你说得对，我要聪明些、狡猾些。

不做国王，要做刺客。

不带剑盾，只靠这柔弱的外形伪装。

她们绝不能认出是男人走近！

DIONYSUS

Good. Come inside. I’ll dress you well,

Like one of them—you'll wear the spell.

You'll turn the eyes of every maid—

Their hearts will break, their rites betrayed!

狄俄尼索斯

很好。进来，我会好好打扮你，

让你像她们的一员。

你将引所有女人注目，

她们的心都会为你狂乱，

她们的神圣将被你“背叛”。

PENTHEUS

Yes! That’s it! I’ll break them all!

I’ll bind them, beat them, watch them fall!

Their frenzy ends beneath my hand—

I'll tame the madness in this land!

潘透斯

对！就是这样！我要粉碎她们！

捆住她们，打垮她们，看她们屈服！

她们的疯狂将在我手中终结——

我要驯服这片土地上的癫狂！

DIONYSUS (aside)

Oh Dionysus… how you lead

The proud into the path they plead.

They beg to go, to see, to know—

And straight into their death they go.

狄俄尼索斯（低语）

哦，狄俄尼索斯……你真是好手段，

让傲慢者自请入死门。

他们苦苦哀求，只为看、为知——

却一步步走向灭顶之地。

潘透斯伪装登山、命运反转的高潮：

DIONYSUS

Follow me, then. I’ll guide your feet

To where the Maenads roam and meet.

You shall not fall—though all around

Is madness, rock, and thorny ground.

I’ll lead you gently, hand in hand,

And bring you to that holy band.

狄俄尼索斯

那就随我来。

我将引你之步，前往那狂女聚处之地。

你不会跌倒——虽四周皆癫狂、荆棘与峻岩，

我将轻引你之手，

将你带至那神圣的女子中间。

PENTHEUS

I see them now! Already there—

Through trees, like fire, their limbs are bare!

O God, what joy! To see them thus,

So wild, so free, so tremulous!

潘透斯

我已看见她们！就在那里——

穿过树影，如火般闪耀，她们裸露的肢体！

哦神啊，多么欢喜！能见她们如此——

那么狂放、那么自由、那么颤动！

DIONYSUS

You are the man the gods would slay,

They set you now upon the way.

Your fate is sealed, though you feel light.

Come, Prince—your death will soon be bright.

狄俄尼索斯

你正是诸神欲灭之人，

他们已将你踏上命运之途。

你命已定，虽你心似飞扬。

来吧，王子——你之死亡即将辉煌来临。

They exit. Chorus remains.

CHORUS

Now let the net be cast!

Now let the doom be fast!

The hunter hunted shall be slain—

The hound caught in the holy chain!

二人退场，合唱队留场。

合唱队

现在，罗网已撒！

现在，命运速降！

猎人将被猎，终成死者，

猎犬将缚于圣神之链！

CHORUS

He climbed the hill with pride and lust,

His heart a flame, his thoughts unjust.

He dared to mock the god unknown—

Now see him brought to dust, alone!

合唱队

他带着傲慢与欲念登山，

心如火焚，念尽邪恶。

他竟敢嘲神，不识其名——

如今他孤身赴灭，化尘归土！

现在进入那段最具震撼力的合唱颂歌，描绘美那德（Maenads）在山中狂欢的场景，罗素在《西方哲学史》中长段引用的：

CHORUS

Up to the hills! To the hills, let us run!

To the orgy, the madness, the thyrsus and sun!

Where the women of Bacchus, like racing deer,

Fly over the rocks without pain or fear!

合唱队

快！奔向山岭，奔向高处！

奔向狂欢，奔向疯狂，奔向藤杖与阳光照耀之地！

在那里，酒神的女人们如疾驰的鹿群，

飞跃岩石，毫无痛苦与畏惧！

CHORUS

Ah, joy! joy in the mountains high,

Where the soul forgets, and the limbs can fly!

Where the weariness melts like frost in fire,

And only the holy fawn-skin attire

Is left, and the ivy crown on the brow—

All else is torn from the spirit now!

合唱队

啊，喜悦！喜悦在高山之巅，

在那里灵魂遗忘一切，身体也能自由飞舞！

疲惫像霜雪在火中融化，

只剩那神圣的乳鹿皮，

披在身上，常春藤缠绕额头——

其余的一切，早被灵魂撕碎！

CHORUS

For the red spring flows, and the nymphs cry loud,

And the blood of the slain runs fresh in the crowd.

Like beasts they leap, with glory and roar—

Maenads—daughters of Bacchus—once more!

合唱队

泉水泛红，山灵在狂叫，

被撕裂的羔羊鲜血淌过人群。

她们像野兽般跃起，咆哮中满是荣耀——

美那德——酒神之女——再度觉醒！

CHORUS

Now the sun climbs high in the sky,

On the mountain’s brow he burns and spies.

In Phrygia, Lydia, from peak to peak,

Bromios calls us—his voice is sleek

With honey and flame—we run, we cry—

His Maenads, drunk with divinity, fly!

合唱队

现在太阳攀上天顶，

炽热地注视山巅上的一切。

在弗里吉亚，在吕底亚，从山峰传来召唤，

布罗米俄斯的声音如蜜似火，

我们奔跑，我们呼号——

我们是美那德，神性灌醉了我们的血脉！

这一段是全剧最富节奏感与激情的合唱之一，也是对“神圣狂乱”的顶峰颂唱。

接下来便是信使返回，讲述潘透斯被其母阿伽维所杀的悲剧性高潮：

Enter MESSENGER, pale and breathless

O house of Thebes! O seed of ancient woe!

We bring a tale of tears.

Pentheus is dead. The earth lies red

With what was once your king.

信使入场，面色惨白、气喘吁吁

哦，底比斯的王宫啊！哦，古老灾厄的后裔啊！

我带来的是泪水，是血的信息。

潘透斯——已死。

大地染红，那曾是你们的国王。

MESSENGER

He climbed the slope, clothed like a maid,

With thyrsus in hand and curls well laid.

He crept among the Maenad bands,

Craving to see with hungry hands—

Not with worship, but with pride—

The rites that only gods may bide.

信使

他登上山坡，装扮得像个女人，

手执藤杖，鬓发精巧。

他蹑手蹑脚地混入美那德中，

渴望看见她们的疯狂，

却非出于敬仰，而是出于傲慢，

窥视那只属于神的秘仪。

MESSENGER

Then Dionysus called. His voice was flame.

He shook the sky, the hill, the name

Of manhood dropped from Pentheus' form—

The women saw him, not as man,

But beast—some mountain lion spawned

To ravage lambs upon the land!

信使

然后，狄俄尼索斯呼唤，

他的声音如火焰般回响天地，

天空在震，山在响，

潘透斯那“人”的模样被剥去了——

在那些女人眼中，

他不再是人，而是一头野兽——

一头山狮，要吞噬羔羊！

MESSENGER

Agâvê first—his mother—cried:

“Strike him! Strike the lion’s side!”

And all the Maenads fell as one,

With bare hands tearing, bone by bone,

Until no voice, no breath, no head

Remained. He was already dead.

信使

阿伽维——他亲生的母亲——首先大喊：

“打他！打那头狮子！”

所有美那德一拥而上，

赤手空拳，一根一根地撕，

骨头、血肉、肢体……

直到他不再有声音、不再有呼吸，

不再有头颅——

他，早已死去。

MESSENGER

And she—she danced, with bloodied hands,

Holding his head like some strange prize.

She called to Thebes with gleaming eyes:

“Look! I’ve caught the beast we feared!

Come praise me now—I’ve killed the thing!”

信使

她——阿伽维——满手鲜血跳舞，

像举起战利品一样，举着他那割下的头。

她望着底比斯，双眼闪亮地喊道：

“看哪！我捉到了那头怪兽！

快来赞美我！我亲手杀了它！”

MESSENGER

She does not know it was her son.

She thinks she’s blameless, full of grace.

But soon—oh soon—that mask will fall.

And she shall see her dead boy’s face.

信使

她还不知道，那“野兽”是她亲生的儿子。

她以为自己圣洁无瑕，自得其乐。

但很快——很快——

这层疯狂的面具将会剥落，

她将看清：那是她儿子的脸。

接下来的场景，是阿伽维带着儿子的头颅凯旋归来，而卡德摩斯将她一点点从迷狂中唤醒：

Enter AGÂVÊ, triumphant, holding the head of Pentheus on a thyrsus.

Look! Look, my father, Cadmus, see!

This is the prize I bring to thee—

From hunt, from mountain, from the wild!

Bless me, for I am Bacchus' child!

阿伽维入场，意气风发，将潘透斯头颅插在藤杖上举着。

看哪！看哪，我的父亲，卡德摩斯，快看！

这是我带回来的战利品——

从山中，从林间，从狩猎归来！

为我祝福吧，因为我是酒神的女儿！

AGÂVÊ

We caught him—no steel, no net,

With our bare hands! His limbs were wet

With blood, but oh, how proud I stood—

The hunter of the lion of the wood!

阿伽维

我们抓住他了——没用刀剑，也不用网，

就用我们这双手！他的四肢满是血，

可我站在那里，多骄傲啊——

我是森林之狮的猎人！

CADMUS (shocked, softly)

O child… what is this that you hold?

That which your hands have torn and rolled—

Do you see? Do you still not know…

Whose head it is you carry so?

卡德摩斯（震惊，轻声）

我的孩子……你手中所持为何？

那是你亲手撕裂、举高之物——

你看清了吗？你真的还不认得……

你手中所举的，是谁的头颅？

AGÂVÊ (confused)

What say you? Why so pale, so still?

This is a trophy of our will!

The Maenads crowned me queen today—

And this? This lion led the way!

阿伽维（迷惘）

你说什么？你为何如此苍白、呆滞？

这是我们意志的战果啊！

今日，狂女们立我为女王——

而这头“狮子”正是我所猎！

CADMUS

O misery! O blood so blind!

The Gods have turned your eyes, your mind.

Look—look at it again, and see—

It is your son. It is… Pentheus, he.

卡德摩斯

噢，痛苦！这血染双目，使你失明！

神明已蒙蔽了你的眼、你的心。

你再看一眼——再看一眼——

那是你儿子，那是……潘透斯啊！

AGÂVÊ (awakening)

My son? My… child? This? No… oh no…

These hands… these fingers… torn him so?

The eyes I kissed, the lips I fed—

Are these the eyes? Is this… his head?

阿伽维（苏醒）

我儿？我的……孩子？这是……不，不……

这双手，这些手指，是我撕的吗？

那双我曾亲吻的眼睛，那我喂养的嘴唇——

这是那眼睛？这是……他的头颅？

AGÂVÊ

O Dionysus! I see now—I see!

What I was, and what I did to thee!

I mocked thy name, denied thy flame—

Now all my joy is turned to shame!

阿伽维

哦狄俄尼索斯！我现在看到了——我终于看到了！

我曾是怎样的人，我对你做了什么！

我嘲笑你的名字，否认你的神火——

如今，我的喜悦都变成了耻辱！

从这段极具悲剧张力的苏醒场景，将整部剧带到尾声——神谕已成，悲剧收场，狄俄尼索斯亲临宣布神意：

CADMUS

Come, daughter… come away with me.

Your pain is sharp, but let it be.

For what we mortals suffer now

The gods have written on our brow.

卡德摩斯

来吧，女儿……随我回去。

你的痛已至极，但我们只能承受。

凡人如今所受之苦，

早已由诸神写在我们额上。

AGÂVÊ

O father, I no longer see—

I was blind. I was lost. Woe is me.

Where can I go? What can I say?

I touched my son—and tore him away.

阿伽维

父亲……我再也看不清了——

我曾盲目，曾迷失。哀哉我命！

我如今何去何从？还能说什么？

我碰了我儿，却把他撕碎在怀中……

CADMUS

Take off the ivy from your hair.

Cast off the fawn-skin. Bare the lie.

You are no Maenad now, no bride

Of Bacchus, dancing wild and high.

You are a mother. And he is dead.

卡德摩斯

将你发上的藤冠摘下吧，

把那鹿皮衣脱去，揭开谎言。

你不再是美那德，不再是

那狂舞的酒神新妇。

你是个母亲——而你儿，已死。

Enter DIONYSUS, now radiant in divine form

Behold me now, you mortals all—

Dionysus, who heard your call.

You mocked me, and I came in wrath.

You shut me out—I changed your path.

狄俄尼索斯以神形显现

凡人们，看清我——

我是狄俄尼索斯，应你们之召而来。

你们嘲笑我，我便降怒；

你们拒我，我便改你命途。

DIONYSUS

This is my justice, long delayed.

You denied the god your daughter made.

You crowned yourselves in mortal pride—

And now your joy and sons have died.

狄俄尼索斯

这便是我迟来的审判。

你们否认那由你女所生的神。

你们曾自冠为王，自负为人——

如今你们的喜悦，你们的子嗣，皆已凋亡。

DIONYSUS

You, Cadmus, shall wear a serpent’s skin,

And wander lands you’ve never been.

Your wife shall share that beastly fate—

This is the price of mocking fate.

狄俄尼索斯

卡德摩斯，你将披蛇之形，

流徙他邦，永不归宁。

你的妻也将随你变形、流亡——

这便是嘲弄命运的代价。

DIONYSUS

And you, Agâvê—leave this land.

You may not set your foot again

In Thebes. Go exile, cursed and lone,

To mourn your son, to weep unknown.

狄俄尼索斯

至于你，阿伽维——离开此地。

你不得再踏入底比斯之土。

去吧，放逐者，孤诅之人，

独自哀哭你所生所杀之子。

CADMUS

O gods… too cruel is this law.

But we must bow to what we saw.

If this is justice, we obey—

Though dark the hour, and cold the day.

卡德摩斯

哦众神……你们之律何其残酷。

但我们只能屈从于眼前之所见。

若这便是正义，我们便当顺服——

纵然天已暗，日已寒。

CHORUS (final lines)

So ends the tale. Let no man boast,

Who mocks the gods or scorns their host.

The woven net of heaven is wide—

It lets you run, but none may hide.

合唱队（终章）

故事至此为止。人啊莫自夸，

嘲神者，终将落于天网之下。

天之大网，千疏万孔，

任你奔逃，终难逃脱。

（剧终）

欧里庇得斯的名悲剧《酒神的女信徒》至此落幕——人性与神性的冲突、理性与狂热的对抗，在神之裁判中归于终极沉默。