读书碎片 | 我愿意制造不快乐,因为父权制的受益者太快乐了
书籍:The Feminist Killjoy Handbook
作者:Sara Ahmed
章节:第1章:Introducing the feminist killjoy读书碎片 #034
以下内容来自阅读中的随手记录,思想在这里被暂时放下。
点击阅读本书书评:春节回家,做个女权主义扫兴鬼
想象这样一个场景:一家人围坐在餐桌旁进行礼貌的交谈。父亲突然说了一些带有冒犯性(通常是性别歧视)的话。
你可能会试图忍受,但最终无法忍受,进行了反驳,或者仅仅是表现出不悦。
无论你说什么或怎么说,一旦发生争执或气氛变得紧张,你就会被视为问题的根源,别人会说你“扫兴”、“破坏气氛”。
这时候你就成为了Ahmed所说的“女性主义扫兴鬼(feminist killjoy)”,因为你阻碍了别人的快乐,或者仅仅是因为你挡了别人的道。当你拒绝配合、拒绝顺从、并在听到性别歧视等言论时反击权威,你就成为了那个“毁掉气氛”的人。
Ahmed借此提出了全书最核心的一个真理:
“揭露问题就是制造问题。”(To expose a problem is to pose a problem.)
当你在餐桌上指出父亲的话是“性别歧视”时,你被视为破坏家庭和谐的人。
解决问题的一种方式是阻止人们谈论它,或者让谈论它的人消失。如果没人谈论种族主义或性骚扰,人们就可以假装这些问题不存在。因此,当你指出问题时,你就变成了那个让人不舒服的“问题”本身。
为什么“女性主义者”总是被刻画成不快乐的、扫兴的人?
媒体长期以来将女性主义者描绘成“没有幽默感”、“手指骨瘦如柴的扫兴鬼”、“反对性”、“反对快乐”。例如1972年《纽约时报》的一篇文章将啦啦队长的快乐与“女性解放运动的扫兴鬼”对立起来。
这种刻板印象的目的是警告女性——如果你成为女性主义者,你就会变得悲惨、孤独、没有男人爱。
Ahmed认为我们不应该试图通过展示“快乐的女性主义者”来反驳这一刻板印象。相反,我们应该认领(reclaim)这个形象。如果女性主义是对父权制快乐的威胁,那么我们确实就是扫兴鬼。
于是,Ahmed提出了“扫兴鬼承诺(Killjoy Commitment)”:
“我愿意制造不快乐。”(I am willing to cause unhappiness.)
这不是说我们的目的是让人不快乐,而是说如果挑战不公(如种族主义、性骚扰)会让施暴者或维护现状的人感到“不快乐”,我们愿意承担这个后果。
如果你因为指出歧视而被翻白眼,如果你因为不笑而被指责毁了气氛,你并不孤单。这不仅是你的个人经历,这是一个悠久的政治历史的一部分。与其试图讨好世界,不如接受这个“扫兴鬼”的位置,把它变成改变世界的支点。
We are seated at the dinner table. We always take up the same seats as if we are securing more than our place. We are having polite conversations. My father would ask about school, then this, then that. And then he would come out with it, say something offensive, often sexist, looking at me as if making a challenge. I would try not to respond, sit there quietly, hoping to disappear. But sometimes, I couldn’t not. ... Whatever I said, however I spoke, if there was an argument, if the discussion became heated, I would be treated as the cause of it. I would hear the accusation ‘Sara, another dinner ruined.’
我们围坐在餐桌旁。我们总是坐在同样的位置上,仿佛我们在维护的不仅仅是座位。我们进行着礼貌的交谈。父亲会询问学校的情况,然后是这事,然后是那事。接着他会突然说出来,说一些冒犯性的、通常是性别歧视的话,看着我,仿佛在发起挑战。我会试图不回应,静静地坐在那里,希望能隐身。但有时,我忍不住。……无论我说什么,无论我怎么说,如果有争论,如果讨论变得激烈,我就会被视为起因。我会听到这样的指责:萨拉,又一顿晚餐被毁了。”
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You become a feminist killjoy when you get in the way of the happiness of others, or when you just get in the way, ruining that dinner, also the atmosphere. You become a feminist killjoy when you are not willing to go along with something, to get along with someone, sitting there quietly, taking it all in. You become a feminist killjoy when you react, speak back, to those with authority, using words like sexism because that is what you hear.
当你阻碍了他人的快乐,或者仅仅是挡了道,毁了那顿晚餐以及气氛时,你就成为了一个女性主义扫兴鬼。当你不再愿意为了与某人相处融洽而顺从某事,不再静静地坐在那里全盘接受时,你就成为了一个女性主义扫兴鬼。当你对那些当权者做出反应、进行回击,并使用性别歧视”这样的词,因为这正是你所听到的内容时,你就成为了一个女性主义扫兴鬼。
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KILLJOY TRUTH: TO EXPOSE A PROBLEM IS TO POSE A PROBLEM. ... If you expose a problem, you pose a problem; if you pose a problem, you become the problem. The management of a problem becomes the management of a person. In other words, one way of dealing with a problem is to stop people from talking about it or to make the people who talk about it go away. If people stop talking about a problem, or the people who talk about it go away, it can then be assumed that the problem has gone away.
扫兴鬼真理:揭露问题就是制造问题。……如果你揭露了一个问题,你就制造了一个问题;如果你制造了一个问题,你就成为了那个问题。对问题的管理变成了对人的管理。换句话说,处理问题的一种方式是阻止人们谈论它,或者让谈论它的人消失。如果人们停止谈论某个问题,或者谈论它的人离开了,那么就可以假定这个问题已经消失了。
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The feminist killjoy begins her political life as a stereotype of feminists, a negative judgment, a way of dismissing feminism as causing and caused by misery.A 1972 article in the New York Times describes a group of cheerleaders by evoking the feminist killjoy as who they are not: ‘At Madison Square Garden yesterday, it didn’t take long to see that the rah-rah world of cheer leading had no room in the squad for Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer and Other Women’s Lib Killjoys.’According to the band of bony-fingered killjoys, this is a form of sexual harassment on par with groping and flashing.Behind the perception that ‘the unhappy women are all feminists’ are two competing claims: first, that unhappiness leads women to become feminists because they can’t get what they want, perhaps a husband or baby; second, that feminism makes women unhappy.
女性主义扫兴鬼的政治生涯始于一种对女性主义者的刻板印象,一种负面评判,一种通过将女性主义视为导致痛苦或由痛苦引起从而将其驳回的方式。 1972年《纽约时报》的一篇文章在描述一群啦啦队队员时,通过强调她们不是女性主义扫兴鬼来反衬她们:昨天在麦迪逊广场花园,人们很快就发现,啦啦队那欢呼雀跃的世界里没有格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆、杰曼·格里尔和其他女性解放运动扫兴鬼的位置。根据这群手指骨瘦如柴的扫兴鬼的说法,这是一种与猥亵和暴露同等的性骚扰。在不快乐的女人都是女性主义者”这一认知的背后,有两个相互竞争的主张:第一,不快乐导致女性成为女性主义者,因为她们得不到她们想要的东西,也许是丈夫或孩子;第二,女性主义让女性变得不快乐。
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It might be tempting to try to appear happy and positive in order to counter the myth of feminist misery, to make feminism less frightening, more appealing. It might be tempting to try to rescue feminism from the feminist killjoy, to create picture books of shiny, happy feminists. ... I have a different strategy. My aim is not to rescue us from the feminist killjoy but to give her a voice. ... In reclaiming the feminist killjoy for ourselves, we turn the judgment into a project, because if feminism causes misery, that is what we might need to cause.
为了反驳女性主义很悲惨的神话,让女性主义不那么可怕、更具吸引力,试图表现得快乐和积极可能很有诱惑力。试图从女性主义扫兴鬼手中拯救女性主义,创造出光鲜亮丽、快乐的女性主义者的图画书,也可能很有诱惑力。……但我有不同的策略。我的目标不是把我们从女性主义扫兴鬼那里拯救出来,而是赋予她声音。……在为我们自己认领女性主义扫兴鬼的过程中,我们将这种评判转化为一个项目,因为如果女性主义会导致痛苦,那这可能正是我们需要制造的。
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KILLJOY COMMITMENT: I AM WILLING TO CAUSE UNHAPPINESS. ... We are not intending to cause unhappiness; we are willing to cause unhappiness. A distinction can be obscured by a judgment. We don’t talk about sexism or racism because we want to make people unhappy; we are willing to talk about sexism or racism even when it makes people unhappy.
扫兴鬼承诺:我愿意制造不快乐。……我们并非有意制造不快乐;我们是愿意制造不快乐。这种区别可能会被评判所掩盖。我们谈论性别歧视或种族主义,并不是因为我们想让人们不快乐;我们愿意谈论性别歧视或种族主义,即使这会让人们感到不快乐。
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Do you refuse to laugh at jokes you find offensive? ... Do you merely have to open your mouth in meetings for eyes to start rolling? ... If you answered yes to any or all of these questions, you too might be a feminist killjoy. ... The feminist killjoy is a history. The feminist killjoy has a history. A history can be a handle. It can help to know that where we are, others have been.
你会拒绝嘲笑那些让你觉得冒犯的笑话吗?……是不是你在会议上一开口就会有人翻白眼?……如果你对这些问题中的任何一个或全部回答是”,那么你也可能是一个女性主义扫兴鬼。……女性主义扫兴鬼就是一段历史。女性主义扫兴鬼拥有一段历史。历史可以成为一个把手(支点)。知道我们所处的位置曾有他人驻足,这会有所帮助。
一起想象更有尊严的生活

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